Happy 2011 to everyone!
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Friday, December 24, 2010
Monday, December 20, 2010
Roofing Completion Letter Example
. Strategy. Types of campaigns. Transmission methods - Part II
Good viral marketing strategy has to take into account the following points:
Continued: Continued from previous post
on Viral Marketing. Barriers. Examples and viral videos - Part III Sources
Nation and Wikipedia
Viral Marketing Strategy
Continued from previous post Viral Marketing. What is. Origin. Elements - Part IGood viral marketing strategy has to take into account the following points:
- gifts and free word : Most viral marketing programs give away products or services to attract attention, such as delivering information, an email account, screen savers, software that contains somewhere the brand image, etc. viral practice delays the benefits , because the results are not obtained at the time, but if it generates some interest in something offered for free, impact on our brand image and reinforce their confidence , which translates future benefits.
- viral stocks only spread rapidly if easy to convey and duplicating . The message must be simplified to facilitate transmission and the shorter the better.
- Maximize recommendations: To encourage users to share its network with our message, applies the Share feature that we can put on the site and a surfer with Facebook account interested in this content, you can automatically post it to your Facebook account so that all your friends will see the message, and if they attract, they can in turn publish on its Web site Facebook, and thus generates a chain exponentially. The same applies to Twitter and RT possibility of something that we liked.
- Adapt concept Message characteristics of our audience . To do this we must take into account the tastes and needs of our audience and find the channels most likely to begin its expansion, thereby seeking to make the campaign not only precise and expansive.
- The results : These will be reflected in a significant increase in visits to the website of the company, the number of subscribers to newsletters, sales, etc. It is convenient to use tools to evaluate the performance of each channel used, and thus measure its effectiveness. Types
viral campaign
- Pass: A message which encourages the user to pass it on to others. The crudest form of the protocol are chain mail, including a request the user to forward the message. Are more effective short video clips with humorous content, which people spontaneously forward. Viral
- encouraged: it offers a reward for forwarding the message or by e-mail to someone. It's a way to increase possible shipping addresses dramatically. However, it is much more effective when the offer requires that a third party to do something.
- undercover Marketing: A viral message presented as a page, activity or attractive or unusual news, no clear reference to put a link or pass. In undercover marketing is not clear that is engaged in a marketing campaign. It takes a special effort to make it appear that the discovery is spontaneous and informal. "Tracks" in the real world, such as graffiti appearing in cities with key viral words, are used frequently to encourage people to investigate the "mystery" displayed. This may be the form of viral marketing more difficult to identify as such, due to the large amount of unusual and interesting content that exists on the Internet, especially as companies try to imitate the style and content of amateur websites.
- Fan Clubs and Associations friends: They assume the translation of the phenomenon of fan club of singers, actors and athletes to the world of business or any of its products. In this strategy a user creates all of the surrounding fans club (website, forum, channel microblogging, etc.) To discuss the promotion of the company / product and attract the same criticism. In this way it seeks to convey an image of the transmitted information is not from the same company (which is especially valuable when it comes to justifying deficiencies in the company or explain the conditions hidden in promotional campaigns), but users of it.
- Marketing
- rumor: announcements, news or messages that touch the limits of propriety or good taste. The discussion of the controversy resulting publicity generated as rumors and word of mouth. For example, before the marketing of a film some Hollywood movie stars get married, get divorced, are arrested or are involved in a controversy that draws attention to them.
- database maintained by the user: Users create and manage their own lists of contacts using a database provided by an online service. To invite other members to participate in their community, users are creating a network of contacts and self-replicating viral naturally grows and encourages others to register.
Transmission methods
- Web mouth: writing a web-based form that converts the information into an e-mail sent to the intended recipients. For example, is common in newspaper Web sites and news agencies to be included in each article a link to send to a friend automatically. In this way all the information becomes Article in an e-mail.
- Email to mouth: is spontaneous forwarding emails, and jokes, quizzes and photos "committed."
- Word of Mouth: is the mostly discussed here, from person to person.
- mouth IM: Perhaps the mode of transmission with a higher growth rate, is sending hyperlinks using instant messaging programs (IM, Instant Messaging) such as MSN, Yahoo or Google Talk. This method is popular with many young people, and is more likely to rely on a link sent by a friend with me that if the same friend emailed.
- references Reward: Sometimes marketing companies offer rewards for users to send addresses, favoring either of the methods discussed above.
Continued: Continued from previous post
on Viral Marketing. Barriers. Examples and viral videos - Part III Sources
Nation and Wikipedia
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Saturday, December 18, 2010
Images Dog Oral Cancer
The future of traditional advertising
Reading on the Web, I found this article which I find very valuable to consider in these times, before we say "I warned you." The change is imminent, the advertising will not die, just have to adapt , like everything else.
"According to Philip Kotler, marketing guru modern a person is exposed to more than 62 commercials in one hour. This means that on a normal day would see the rates for more than a thousand marks, surpassing the 500 total thousand views in one year.
This amount of information that eventually becomes a strong competition, complicates the task of advertisers.
Added to this, recent research warns a lack of interest in campaigns by customers.
A case that stands out is that of women, who say there are serious errors in the focus of these campaigns to encourage the purchase of products advertised.
In this regard, American Marketing Association, says that most women do not identify with the brands. According to the agency, marketing departments and agencies do not communicate with them as they should. lacking fresh ideas, brave and inspiring advertising of public oriented products female.
Consistent with this, both commercial companies and professionals dedicated to media advertising, have seen a marked decrease in the effectiveness of their campaigns, people and ignored. NO as before.
This has forced companies to seek new and more effective ways to reach their customers and force the development of innovative platforms that allow the passage of advertising 2.0.
Change: print-out, enter the digital
One of the most noticeable changes is related to the use of digital media.
For those not internalized in the subject, it is platform known as Digital Signage and Digital Out of Home (DOOH), based on the development of digital circuits, mainly in foreign-monopoles network or huge digital TV screens in shopping malls.
Just to attract potential customers through formulas which are not used.
According to experts, the benefits of this support are related to the immediacy and versatility from the standpoint of creativity and flexibility in display time. Then there is the savings in production costs or the potential in terms of interactivity, geo and especially the proximity to point of sale.
In 2009, for example, conducted an investigation into a train-detection camera looks through a sample of 155 000 individuals. For eleven days
placed six digital displays and many other conventional external supports to analyze its impact on pedestrians.
As a result, about 60% of the individuals tested are more attracted by digital displays that the conventional media.
And apparently, everything will be smooth sailing as some forecasts on the raised sector growth close to 40% and 50% next year.
What happens Internet ? According to Neal Mohan, vice president of Product Management at Google, "with new measurement technologies in five years there will be not one, but several indicators that advertisers consider more important than the traditional simple click."
The executive recalled that currently the click is the most important among advertisers to measure the success of their campaigns. But he said that starting this year they will realize that this is not always the best choice or best for all strategies.
His replacement will be media as
Source: highlevel
Reading on the Web, I found this article which I find very valuable to consider in these times, before we say "I warned you." The change is imminent, the advertising will not die, just have to adapt , like everything else.
"According to Philip Kotler, marketing guru modern a person is exposed to more than 62 commercials in one hour. This means that on a normal day would see the rates for more than a thousand marks, surpassing the 500 total thousand views in one year.
This amount of information that eventually becomes a strong competition, complicates the task of advertisers.
Added to this, recent research warns a lack of interest in campaigns by customers.
A case that stands out is that of women, who say there are serious errors in the focus of these campaigns to encourage the purchase of products advertised.
In this regard, American Marketing Association, says that most women do not identify with the brands. According to the agency, marketing departments and agencies do not communicate with them as they should. lacking fresh ideas, brave and inspiring advertising of public oriented products female.
Consistent with this, both commercial companies and professionals dedicated to media advertising, have seen a marked decrease in the effectiveness of their campaigns, people and ignored. NO as before.
This has forced companies to seek new and more effective ways to reach their customers and force the development of innovative platforms that allow the passage of advertising 2.0.
Change: print-out, enter the digital
One of the most noticeable changes is related to the use of digital media.
For those not internalized in the subject, it is platform known as Digital Signage and Digital Out of Home (DOOH), based on the development of digital circuits, mainly in foreign-monopoles network or huge digital TV screens in shopping malls.
Just to attract potential customers through formulas which are not used.
According to experts, the benefits of this support are related to the immediacy and versatility from the standpoint of creativity and flexibility in display time. Then there is the savings in production costs or the potential in terms of interactivity, geo and especially the proximity to point of sale.
In 2009, for example, conducted an investigation into a train-detection camera looks through a sample of 155 000 individuals. For eleven days
placed six digital displays and many other conventional external supports to analyze its impact on pedestrians.
As a result, about 60% of the individuals tested are more attracted by digital displays that the conventional media.
And apparently, everything will be smooth sailing as some forecasts on the raised sector growth close to 40% and 50% next year.
What happens Internet ? According to Neal Mohan, vice president of Product Management at Google, "with new measurement technologies in five years there will be not one, but several indicators that advertisers consider more important than the traditional simple click."
The executive recalled that currently the click is the most important among advertisers to measure the success of their campaigns. But he said that starting this year they will realize that this is not always the best choice or best for all strategies.
His replacement will be media as
- Video 2.0
- Rich Media Mobile Search
Source: highlevel
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Sunday, November 14, 2010
Treatment Inhaling Bleach
Africa Report on current situation
The lack of food and water in Africa
Hunger. And peace in the world, I would say you should.
Every six seconds a child dies of hunger.
One, two, three, four, five ... six.
In the time it takes to read this article shall be fifteen deaths.
be that we have become accustomed to these data and photos of children surrounded by flies with huge bellies full of nothing with compassion and passivity with which earthquakes are accepted as an inevitable tragedy, insoluble and natural part of the landscape .
Not so, the Earth is no longer Malthusian y produce alimentos suficientes para todos; esta estúpida tragedia es sólo un problema económico más de distribución de renta.
Hay incluso cálculos serios sobre cuánto costaría reducir el hambre en el mundo a la mitad y cumplir así con los Objetivos del Milenio que se fijó la ONU para 2015: unos 150.000 millones de dólares al año durante el próximo lustro. Es mucho dinero, sí. Algo más de la mitad de lo que ha gastado EEUU en la guerra de Irak, o poco más de un tercio de lo que costó el rescate mundial de la banca.
Hablemos del agua dulce en ÁFRICA
Este trabajo no pretende más que ser una resumida revisión del problema del agua dulce en África. The issue requires a thorough information and reflection. The current report serves to raise awareness and encourage reader continue learning.
1 .- The problem of freshwater in the world
situate the problem of freshwater on the African continent within the context of the world's fresh water, since water is scarce or poorly distributed in the general planet.
In its latest report on the situation of water resources in the world, United Nations relates the water with some key concepts for human life. They are:
• Food: We need about 3,000 gallons of water to make our daily ration, which is multiply by a thousand what we need to drink.
• Environment: water-related disasters such as tsunamis, floods, droughts ... are, after high winds, natural disasters more frequent and devastating. In addition, water and sanitation are critical for survival and protection of health in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, because the people affected are often much more susceptible to disease.
• Energy: Hydropower is the source of 50% of electricity production in 66 countries and 19% in another 24. It is expected that by the year 2011 will give an increase of 60%.
• Transboundary waters: There are 261 river basins that cross political boundaries of two or more countries. These international basins cover 45.3% of the world's land area, affecting about 40% of the world's population and represent approximately 60% of the world's river flows. A total of 145 nations are part of its territory in international basins. Twenty nations have throughout their territory within international basins. Nineteen basins are shared by five or more countries. The Danube basin is shared by 17 nations. In the past 50 years have signed 200 treaties on this subject.
• Shortage: Currently, more than 1200 million people lack drinking water and some 2,700 billion lack adequate sanitation systems. It is estimated that this figure will increase to 3,400 million by 2025. For this reason, situations such as unfair and unbelievable that people who live in the Kibeira slum in Nairobi (Kenya), pay up to five times more per liter than the average American citizen.
• Culture: We see how in all religions and traditions of the world, water has great symbolic and ceremonial. Typically, this aspect is not covered when it argues against the access to water as a right universal human.
• Sanitation: A dollar invested in water and sanitation can multiply the economic performance up to 34 times, according to regions.
• Pollution: In developing countries, over 90% of discharges of sewage and more than 70% of the water industry waste is discharged into surface waters (rivers, seas, lakes) without any treatment .
• Agriculture: Irrigation increases crop yields between 100 and 400 percent. Over the next 30 years, 70% of the profits from grain production will be obtained from irrigation, for example. In agriculture uses nearly 70% of all Freshwater resources available. Excessive pumping of groundwater by the world's farmers exceeds natural rates of water supply at 160,000 million cubic meters a year, at least. Crop production requires huge amounts of water: one to three cubic meters to produce just one kilogram of rice and 1,000 tons of water to produce one tonne of grain. As their incomes rise, people consume more pork, poultry and beef, and eggs, so that a greater quantity of feed grain. To produce one kilogram of pork requires four kilograms of grain, and produce a kilogram of chicken it takes two kilograms cereals. An increased need for grain is a greater need for water.
• Disease: The number of children who have died from diarrhea in the last 10 years is higher than the number of people killed in armed conflicts since the Second World War.
2 .- The Decade of "Water for Life"
In 2000, 191 countries belonging to the United Nations signed the Millennium Declaration. From Article 19 of this declaration, under the heading devoted to development and poverty eradication, it implemented the Millennium Development Goals. They seek to raise a roadmap for the eradication of poverty in the world as a target of compliance by 2015. The Millennium Development Goals are eight, each with different goals and indicators for compliance quantifiers.
1. Eradicate poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Achieving gender equality and empower women
4.
Reduce child mortality 5.
Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development. Goal 7 Ensure
conditions to achieve the others: reducing poverty (Goal 1), reducing child and maternal mortality (goals 4 and 5), combating HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases (Goal 6), getting girls to school ( Objective 2) empowering women (Goal 3) and ensuring that all governments commit themselves to ensuring a new culture of water (Goal 8).
On the topic at hand, our interest is focused on the Millennium Development Goal number 7, and in particular, goal number 10: "Halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water for the year 2015.
Despite efforts by the countries themselves and the international community as stated earlier, yet many people lack sufficient clean water to live. In fact, no right to enjoy this radically affects the enjoyment of all other rights.
In 2005 he conducted the first review of the objectives and concluded that on the African continent, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa is unlikely to achieve any objective. And one reason is that it is the continent with most problems in water supply and sanitation.
In 2005, the United Nations declared the Decade of Water for life. It was an attempt to relaunch the Goal 7. In the founding document five agreements raised an objective to meet:
• Meeting basic needs of the population
• Find environmental sustainability and ecosystem
• Transparency and integrated watershed management
• Social participation of affected communities
• Risk Management floods, land drag ...
In this decade have included numerous international institutions and UN
Development Program - UNDP,
or Organization of United Nations Food and Agriculture, FAO,
or World Health Organization-WHO-
or Organization United Nations Educational and Cultural Organization-UNESCO, with its International Hydrological Programme and the New Partnership for Africa's Development-NEPAD.
3 .- Water availability in Africa
a / Fresh water on the planet
the water that covers the land area, only 2.5% is fresh water and of this, almost two thirds is frozen or is inaccessible. The human being as less than 1% of water for their basic needs. Therefore, we can say that water is scarce, although scientists say it would be enough if it were equitably distributed.
water reserves depend mainly on rainwater. That runoff and replenish aquifers.
Man uses 54% of available water in rivers, which represents 8% of total annual renewable water.
For consumption, the WHO estimates it needs about 50 liters per day. In Spain we consume an average of 250 liters per person per day, while in some parts of Africa do not reach the 2.5 liters.
In any case, global water consumption increases by two times the population.
b / Unequal distribution of resources
Africa has between 9% and 11% of the resource, according to estimates, 13% of the population. This means about 4050 km3. The global average is 7600 m3 per person per year while in Africa is 5700 m3. Furthermore, the distribution is very uneven. Thus, while in countries like Democratic Republic of Congo have a 935Km3, representing 25% of the total, Mauritania has only about 0.4 km3, or 0.01 of total water.
Another factor to consider is the part of the continent is desert corresponds to 46% of the area.
rainfall distribution is not balanced. Are given much higher rainfall in Central Africa and West Africa than in South Africa, North and Horn of Africa.
c / Water in rural
The water supply situation in Africa is much more severe in rural than in urban areas, in Africa, 70% of the population still lives in rural areas, although the number drops precipitously, there is still much more rural than urban. As for the urban population, 45 of the 54 countries that are in the African continent have seen their population marginal ("slums") dramatically. In the past 15 years, in those 45 countries peripheral population has grown 60%, most close to 100%. Of those who do not: Morocco, Libya, Egypt, Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia and South Africa have increased from 30% to 60%, and only Algeria, Tunisia and Zimbabwe have grown in marginal population in less than 30%.
On the other hand, 60% of African food production comes from rainfed agriculture. Water for irrigation is a priority for achieving development and economic stability. However, few countries can afford to conduct the financial investment required to install efficient irrigation systems and water loss due to leaking pipes and evaporation as high as 50 percent in South Africa.
is expected that the growth of irrigation is higher in North Africa and the Middle East. By 2030, North Africa will reached the critical threshold of water availability for agriculture. Sub-Saharan Africa, no additional land resource is available to be exploited because they require considerable investment is therefore likely that the proportion of renewable water resources allocated to irrigation remain well below the critical threshold.
is expected to continue Africa's dependence on cereal imports, thus leading to a widening net trade deficit and an additional difficulty to combat malnutrition.
It determines also the fact that 80% of food are produced by women, who suffer most supply problems.
Lack of water causes these populations more vulnerable to other problems, such as attending school (if you have to go up to 20 miles in a day is very difficult to go to school), health problems, deficiencies in worsening health and nutrition.
In total African population, 63% have access to improved water sources and about 35-40% have access to adequate sanitation. Only 24% have home access. In rural areas only 50% have access to water by 86% in urban areas and in regard to sanitation in rural areas, only 48% have access while in urban areas comes 80%.
By Region:
•-Saharan Africa: 57% of the population has access to safe water: 82% of the urban population and only 44% of the rural. 36% have access to proper sanitation: 55% in the urban population and 26% of rural.
• Eastern and Southern Africa: 56% of the total population has access to improved water: 87% urban and 43% rural. 36% have access to proper sanitation: 60% urban and 27% rural.
• West and Central Africa: 58% of the population has access to safe water: 78% urban and 45% rural. 35% of the population has access to adequate sanitation: 52% 24% urban and rural.
• North Africa: 87% of the total population has access to safe water: 95% urban and 77% rural. 72% of the population has access to adequate sanitation: 88% urban and 52% rural.
4 .- Sources
Africa has some of the longest rivers, broad, fair and mighty of the world, including the longest, the Nile (6671 km). But, moreover, are the Niger River (4,160 km) and the Zaire or Congo basin (4,200 km) which is the second largest river in the world and the Senegal (1,600 km), the Zambezi (2,600 km), Orange ( 1,860 km) and the Limpopo (1,600 km). Also in Africa are one of the largest lakes in the world: in this group is to highlight the Great Lakes region (involving countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo). Among the largest are the Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa, the Edward, Kivu and Rodolfo. Outside this region there are two other large lakes, Chad and Ngami (first in Chad and Cameroon, and the second in Botswana).
There are, however, large areas that have no surface water, so that the exploitation of groundwater is very important. The African continent has some of the world's largest aquifers.
Highlights:
• Nubian Aquifer System: under the Nubian Desert in Sudan and occupies the basement of Egypt, Libya, Chad and Sudan. It's got 150,000 to 450,000 km3, of which we can exploit more than 6,500, with an annual recharge of 13 km3.
• Sahara Aquifer System: corresponds to Algeria, Libya and Tunisia. Has a volume of about 60,000 km3, of which 1,280 km 3 are usable and with a potential annual recharge 14Km3.
• Murzuk Cuenca: between Algeria, Libya and Niger. Has more than 4,800 km3, and a volume operating about 60 to 80 km3. Iullemeden
• Aquifer System: between Mali, Niger and Nigeria. With a volume of about 10,000 to 15,000 km3, an advantage of about 250 to 550 km3, and recharging with a capacity of 50 to 80 km3 per year.
• Chad Basin Aquifer: between Niger, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. Its volume is unknown but is known to be drawn from 170 to 350 km3. Vista
distribution of groundwater should not be surprised that countries like Libya and Algeria 95% with 60% use of this water are two of the countries with more on the exploitation of this resource.
5 .- Dams and Water Transfers
is estimated that in Africa there are about 1200 prisoners. 60% of which is in South Africa -539 - and -213 Zimbabwe. All have been built in 30 years: 52% of them for irrigation, 20% for urban supply and 6% for electric power generation. In Africa, only 20% of the richest households have electricity.
Large dams have had a very negative impact on the nations and peoples. The worst has been the movement of numbers of people, and also the erosion and flooding of lands and desert encroachment, especially in areas near the Sahara.
deserve a special mention transfers, which in the case of Africa have been the cause of conflict or
solving them.
There are currently two major projects:
• North Africa Project Twilight. Affect the river Congo-Zaire. Born in Zambia and Luapula River and runs 4,370 km in Central Africa, an area of \u200b\u200b4 million km2. Supplies to the lakes Tanganyika and Mueru, and countries like Angola, Zambia, Burundi, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon. Since the born of the Congo Ubangi, comes to Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Chad and Sudan. Is diverted to the north, the White Nile to supply Egypt and Sudan and east into the Blue Nile to supply Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania. It also serves as supply to the Nile Delta, which lost a large influx of water by the Aswan Dam in Lake Nasser. Twilight
• South Africa Project. From the Kasai River, which originates from the Congo. Is the boundary between Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, some 450 km. Towards the Kalahari Desert, for the improvement of agricultural production. Benefits from one party to Zambia, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa and secondly, the Zambezi River into Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Also from the Congo River into the Gulf of Guinea, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, ...
6 .- Disasters by water
United Nations says: "The odds of survival in sub-Saharan Africa are doing better than in England in 1840. "
Climate change affects the entire planet, causing melting icecaps, rising temperatures and extreme ocean volume, among other consequences. According to the International Panel on Climate Change, it is most important and dramatic in Africa, the continent most vulnerable. It is expected that runoff, river flow and reduce water availability in the northern and southern Europe, accompanied by an increased frequency of floods and droughts.
Drought increases in the north, south and east of the country, causing famine and migration to cities, with the usual growth of unhealthy overcrowding their suburbs. The UNDP estimates that 25 African countries (among them: Mauritania, Cape Verde, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi and Madagascar), suffer severe shortage severe water stress, especially for problems of major droughts.
On the opposite side are the floods caused by torrential rain, loss of vegetation on the banks of rivers, water transfers and large dams.
Lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation helps spread diseases, exacerbate malnutrition and weakened health. Africa is the only region which is poorer than 30 years ago, where 43 of the 53 nations are chronically hungry and very low income levels.
About 400 million children, one in five in the developing world, lack of improved water. Particularly serious is the situation in Africa south of Sahara, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Uganda, four out of five children unprotected surface water use or have to walk on average more than fifteen minutes to find protected water sources.
This situation is worse in rural areas, 27% vs 7% in urban areas.
not only cause disease, also prevent children especially girls to attend school.
For sanitation, one in three children in the developing world, in total more than 500 million lack access to adequate sanitation. It is worse in rural areas. Million children of school age are infected by parasites, which greatly hampers their ability to learn.
The water-related diseases are all parasitic, immune deficiency can be caused by malnutrition, viral infections, and diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis, all of which are known to exert a strong depressant effect on the immune system, All this aggravates problems such as HIV diagnosis.
Too often, the key determinants of health, as well as the solutions lie outside the direct control of the health sector. Are rooted in areas such as sanitation and water supply, environmental and climatic changes, education, agriculture, trade, tourism, transport, industrial development and housing. However, many countries lack the capacity to measure the effect of other sectors on health. Unless you address these issues, it may be difficult to prevent or control infectious diseases. For all this, despite almost half the African population under 15 years, its productive potential is diminished by hunger, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, polio and AIDS.
addition, changes in land use and water can also have an important effect on the incidence and distribution of diseases. Deforestation, agricultural development, dams and irrigation schemes can trigger outbreaks of parasitic or other infectious favoring the spread of mosquitoes spread malaria or freshwater mollusks that spread schistosomiasis, of which 82% of cases worldwide occur in sub-Saharan Africa. They are particularly vulnerable
over 500 million poor people living in ecologically fragile regions. Among other diseases affected by environmental changes are lymphatic filariasis, dengue fever, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and bacterial meningitis.
Malaria mainly affects sub-Saharan Africa, which killed more than 1.1 million people, about 85.7 percent of annual global proportion, and particularly to children under five years. The malaria disease is the leading cause of infant mortality. Another problem is
disease cholera, which are mainly found in West Africa. This unusually high incidence of cholera contribute seasonal factors such as the rainy season particularly heavy and large population movements in the area.
West Africa is located some of the least developed and poorest in the world. Climatic difficulties and conflicts also cause mass population movements, which carries the disease from one place to another hampering efforts to contain the disease. In addition, the countries most affected are those who have more food problems.
bacteria symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. Cholera can be easily treated if patients are rehydrated quickly. The bacteria that produces it transmitted through infected water, a common problem in a region where the waters remain untreated and stagnant, and where people are not able to drink purified water. Debug
wells, improve the health system and train people in health and explain how it is transmitted the disease may help stop the epidemic.
Food and water transmit a variety of pathogens that are the source of most cases of diarrhea. In Africa it is estimated that a child has up to four episodes of diarrhea each year. African children have even a chance of getting diarrhea of \u200b\u200bup to 240 times higher than here.
People Africa is extremely vulnerable to these diseases because many are people already weakened by diseases like AIDS and malaria (in sub-Saharan Africa, 1.1 million people die annually, 90% are children under five years).
7 .- Conflicts related
"is more likely to get violent results in societies marked by deep polarization, weak institutions and chronic poverty," UNDP, 2005
In Africa there is a really serious problem, with 13% of total world population, has half the world's refugee population. We have already discussed the difficulties involved the poor live on the margins of cities and how that is a plus of aggravation in the case of water.
Almost 40% of armed conflicts occurring in Africa.
The Zambezi River basin, located in southern Africa, is one of the most used river systems above the convenience of the world. The countries that make up the basin usually compete for the waters of the Zambezi, although they have often suffered from floods and torrential rains. The region experienced in March 2000 the worst floods in recent times, which were exacerbated by the opening of the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe.
Nile basin: Egypt warned in 1991 that is ready to use force to protect their access to the waters of the Nile, which is also shared by Ethiopia and Sudan. If the population of these countries continues to grow, competition for water could become fierce.
West Africa: When the level of the large West African rivers began to fall, all the economies in the area began to suffer. Ghana, for example, has become totally dependent on hydroelectric supply Akosombo Dam on the Volta River. Mali, one of the world's poorest countries, depends on the Niger River, which flows from Guinea to Nigeria. Mali is dependent on this river for food, water and transport large portions of the river but now face the risk of environmental disasters as a result of pollution. In Nigeria, half the population lacks access to safe drinking water and, as in many parts of Africa, many women have to walk road to get hours daily. As can be seen, much humanity should work for, from a culture of peace, prevent conflicts ends with water.
Despite the latent possibilities of conflicts occurring during the last 50 years there have been only 37 outbreaks of serious disputes with violence. In the same period, 157 treaties negotiated and signed. Disputes typically arise between tribes, sectors using water or states and provinces.
Let's review some violent conflicts that have had their origin in water:
• 1958: Egypt and Sudan for the use of the Nile, ended with a treaty.
• 1964: Ethiopia and Somalia, on groundwater resources in the Ogaden Desert.
• 1975: Angola and South Africa on the Gove Dam on the Kunene River in Angola to protect water resources that they obtained.
• 1978: Egypt and Ethiopia, Ethiopia wants to build dams in the headwaters of the Blue Nile, the conflict lasts until today.
• 1986: South Africa supported the coup because he was in Lesotho passed a law on water that damaged the Republic of South Africa.
• 1988: Cuba supported Angola against South Africa Caluenque attacking the dam.
• 1999: Namibia, Botswana and Zambia, for access to water in the Zambezi River basin. He took the International Court of Justice.
• 1999: Angola, terrorist attacks caused 100 deaths around four wells in the Central region. 
The lack of food and water in Africa
Hunger. And peace in the world, I would say you should.
Every six seconds a child dies of hunger.
One, two, three, four, five ... six.
In the time it takes to read this article shall be fifteen deaths.
be that we have become accustomed to these data and photos of children surrounded by flies with huge bellies full of nothing with compassion and passivity with which earthquakes are accepted as an inevitable tragedy, insoluble and natural part of the landscape .
Not so, the Earth is no longer Malthusian y produce alimentos suficientes para todos; esta estúpida tragedia es sólo un problema económico más de distribución de renta.
Hay incluso cálculos serios sobre cuánto costaría reducir el hambre en el mundo a la mitad y cumplir así con los Objetivos del Milenio que se fijó la ONU para 2015: unos 150.000 millones de dólares al año durante el próximo lustro. Es mucho dinero, sí. Algo más de la mitad de lo que ha gastado EEUU en la guerra de Irak, o poco más de un tercio de lo que costó el rescate mundial de la banca.
Hablemos del agua dulce en ÁFRICA
Este trabajo no pretende más que ser una resumida revisión del problema del agua dulce en África. The issue requires a thorough information and reflection. The current report serves to raise awareness and encourage reader continue learning.
1 .- The problem of freshwater in the world
situate the problem of freshwater on the African continent within the context of the world's fresh water, since water is scarce or poorly distributed in the general planet.
In its latest report on the situation of water resources in the world, United Nations relates the water with some key concepts for human life. They are:
• Food: We need about 3,000 gallons of water to make our daily ration, which is multiply by a thousand what we need to drink.
• Environment: water-related disasters such as tsunamis, floods, droughts ... are, after high winds, natural disasters more frequent and devastating. In addition, water and sanitation are critical for survival and protection of health in the immediate aftermath of a disaster, because the people affected are often much more susceptible to disease.
• Energy: Hydropower is the source of 50% of electricity production in 66 countries and 19% in another 24. It is expected that by the year 2011 will give an increase of 60%.
• Transboundary waters: There are 261 river basins that cross political boundaries of two or more countries. These international basins cover 45.3% of the world's land area, affecting about 40% of the world's population and represent approximately 60% of the world's river flows. A total of 145 nations are part of its territory in international basins. Twenty nations have throughout their territory within international basins. Nineteen basins are shared by five or more countries. The Danube basin is shared by 17 nations. In the past 50 years have signed 200 treaties on this subject.
• Shortage: Currently, more than 1200 million people lack drinking water and some 2,700 billion lack adequate sanitation systems. It is estimated that this figure will increase to 3,400 million by 2025. For this reason, situations such as unfair and unbelievable that people who live in the Kibeira slum in Nairobi (Kenya), pay up to five times more per liter than the average American citizen.
• Culture: We see how in all religions and traditions of the world, water has great symbolic and ceremonial. Typically, this aspect is not covered when it argues against the access to water as a right universal human.
• Sanitation: A dollar invested in water and sanitation can multiply the economic performance up to 34 times, according to regions.
• Pollution: In developing countries, over 90% of discharges of sewage and more than 70% of the water industry waste is discharged into surface waters (rivers, seas, lakes) without any treatment .
• Agriculture: Irrigation increases crop yields between 100 and 400 percent. Over the next 30 years, 70% of the profits from grain production will be obtained from irrigation, for example. In agriculture uses nearly 70% of all Freshwater resources available. Excessive pumping of groundwater by the world's farmers exceeds natural rates of water supply at 160,000 million cubic meters a year, at least. Crop production requires huge amounts of water: one to three cubic meters to produce just one kilogram of rice and 1,000 tons of water to produce one tonne of grain. As their incomes rise, people consume more pork, poultry and beef, and eggs, so that a greater quantity of feed grain. To produce one kilogram of pork requires four kilograms of grain, and produce a kilogram of chicken it takes two kilograms cereals. An increased need for grain is a greater need for water.
• Disease: The number of children who have died from diarrhea in the last 10 years is higher than the number of people killed in armed conflicts since the Second World War.
2 .- The Decade of "Water for Life"
In 2000, 191 countries belonging to the United Nations signed the Millennium Declaration. From Article 19 of this declaration, under the heading devoted to development and poverty eradication, it implemented the Millennium Development Goals. They seek to raise a roadmap for the eradication of poverty in the world as a target of compliance by 2015. The Millennium Development Goals are eight, each with different goals and indicators for compliance quantifiers.
1. Eradicate poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Achieving gender equality and empower women
4.
Reduce child mortality 5.
Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Develop a global partnership for development. Goal 7 Ensure
conditions to achieve the others: reducing poverty (Goal 1), reducing child and maternal mortality (goals 4 and 5), combating HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases (Goal 6), getting girls to school ( Objective 2) empowering women (Goal 3) and ensuring that all governments commit themselves to ensuring a new culture of water (Goal 8).
On the topic at hand, our interest is focused on the Millennium Development Goal number 7, and in particular, goal number 10: "Halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water for the year 2015.
Despite efforts by the countries themselves and the international community as stated earlier, yet many people lack sufficient clean water to live. In fact, no right to enjoy this radically affects the enjoyment of all other rights.
In 2005 he conducted the first review of the objectives and concluded that on the African continent, specifically in sub-Saharan Africa is unlikely to achieve any objective. And one reason is that it is the continent with most problems in water supply and sanitation.
In 2005, the United Nations declared the Decade of Water for life. It was an attempt to relaunch the Goal 7. In the founding document five agreements raised an objective to meet:
• Meeting basic needs of the population
• Find environmental sustainability and ecosystem
• Transparency and integrated watershed management
• Social participation of affected communities
• Risk Management floods, land drag ...
In this decade have included numerous international institutions and UN
Development Program - UNDP,
or Organization of United Nations Food and Agriculture, FAO,
or World Health Organization-WHO-
or Organization United Nations Educational and Cultural Organization-UNESCO, with its International Hydrological Programme and the New Partnership for Africa's Development-NEPAD.
3 .- Water availability in Africa
a / Fresh water on the planet
the water that covers the land area, only 2.5% is fresh water and of this, almost two thirds is frozen or is inaccessible. The human being as less than 1% of water for their basic needs. Therefore, we can say that water is scarce, although scientists say it would be enough if it were equitably distributed.
water reserves depend mainly on rainwater. That runoff and replenish aquifers.
Man uses 54% of available water in rivers, which represents 8% of total annual renewable water.
For consumption, the WHO estimates it needs about 50 liters per day. In Spain we consume an average of 250 liters per person per day, while in some parts of Africa do not reach the 2.5 liters.
In any case, global water consumption increases by two times the population.
b / Unequal distribution of resources
Africa has between 9% and 11% of the resource, according to estimates, 13% of the population. This means about 4050 km3. The global average is 7600 m3 per person per year while in Africa is 5700 m3. Furthermore, the distribution is very uneven. Thus, while in countries like Democratic Republic of Congo have a 935Km3, representing 25% of the total, Mauritania has only about 0.4 km3, or 0.01 of total water.
Another factor to consider is the part of the continent is desert corresponds to 46% of the area.
rainfall distribution is not balanced. Are given much higher rainfall in Central Africa and West Africa than in South Africa, North and Horn of Africa.
c / Water in rural
The water supply situation in Africa is much more severe in rural than in urban areas, in Africa, 70% of the population still lives in rural areas, although the number drops precipitously, there is still much more rural than urban. As for the urban population, 45 of the 54 countries that are in the African continent have seen their population marginal ("slums") dramatically. In the past 15 years, in those 45 countries peripheral population has grown 60%, most close to 100%. Of those who do not: Morocco, Libya, Egypt, Democratic Republic of Congo, Namibia and South Africa have increased from 30% to 60%, and only Algeria, Tunisia and Zimbabwe have grown in marginal population in less than 30%.
On the other hand, 60% of African food production comes from rainfed agriculture. Water for irrigation is a priority for achieving development and economic stability. However, few countries can afford to conduct the financial investment required to install efficient irrigation systems and water loss due to leaking pipes and evaporation as high as 50 percent in South Africa.
is expected that the growth of irrigation is higher in North Africa and the Middle East. By 2030, North Africa will reached the critical threshold of water availability for agriculture. Sub-Saharan Africa, no additional land resource is available to be exploited because they require considerable investment is therefore likely that the proportion of renewable water resources allocated to irrigation remain well below the critical threshold.
is expected to continue Africa's dependence on cereal imports, thus leading to a widening net trade deficit and an additional difficulty to combat malnutrition.
It determines also the fact that 80% of food are produced by women, who suffer most supply problems.
Lack of water causes these populations more vulnerable to other problems, such as attending school (if you have to go up to 20 miles in a day is very difficult to go to school), health problems, deficiencies in worsening health and nutrition.
In total African population, 63% have access to improved water sources and about 35-40% have access to adequate sanitation. Only 24% have home access. In rural areas only 50% have access to water by 86% in urban areas and in regard to sanitation in rural areas, only 48% have access while in urban areas comes 80%.
By Region:
•-Saharan Africa: 57% of the population has access to safe water: 82% of the urban population and only 44% of the rural. 36% have access to proper sanitation: 55% in the urban population and 26% of rural.
• Eastern and Southern Africa: 56% of the total population has access to improved water: 87% urban and 43% rural. 36% have access to proper sanitation: 60% urban and 27% rural.
• West and Central Africa: 58% of the population has access to safe water: 78% urban and 45% rural. 35% of the population has access to adequate sanitation: 52% 24% urban and rural.
• North Africa: 87% of the total population has access to safe water: 95% urban and 77% rural. 72% of the population has access to adequate sanitation: 88% urban and 52% rural.
4 .- Sources
Africa has some of the longest rivers, broad, fair and mighty of the world, including the longest, the Nile (6671 km). But, moreover, are the Niger River (4,160 km) and the Zaire or Congo basin (4,200 km) which is the second largest river in the world and the Senegal (1,600 km), the Zambezi (2,600 km), Orange ( 1,860 km) and the Limpopo (1,600 km). Also in Africa are one of the largest lakes in the world: in this group is to highlight the Great Lakes region (involving countries such as Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania and Democratic Republic of Congo). Among the largest are the Victoria, Tanganyika, Nyasa, the Edward, Kivu and Rodolfo. Outside this region there are two other large lakes, Chad and Ngami (first in Chad and Cameroon, and the second in Botswana).
There are, however, large areas that have no surface water, so that the exploitation of groundwater is very important. The African continent has some of the world's largest aquifers.
Highlights:
• Nubian Aquifer System: under the Nubian Desert in Sudan and occupies the basement of Egypt, Libya, Chad and Sudan. It's got 150,000 to 450,000 km3, of which we can exploit more than 6,500, with an annual recharge of 13 km3.
• Sahara Aquifer System: corresponds to Algeria, Libya and Tunisia. Has a volume of about 60,000 km3, of which 1,280 km 3 are usable and with a potential annual recharge 14Km3.
• Murzuk Cuenca: between Algeria, Libya and Niger. Has more than 4,800 km3, and a volume operating about 60 to 80 km3. Iullemeden
• Aquifer System: between Mali, Niger and Nigeria. With a volume of about 10,000 to 15,000 km3, an advantage of about 250 to 550 km3, and recharging with a capacity of 50 to 80 km3 per year.
• Chad Basin Aquifer: between Niger, Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon. Its volume is unknown but is known to be drawn from 170 to 350 km3. Vista
distribution of groundwater should not be surprised that countries like Libya and Algeria 95% with 60% use of this water are two of the countries with more on the exploitation of this resource.
5 .- Dams and Water Transfers
is estimated that in Africa there are about 1200 prisoners. 60% of which is in South Africa -539 - and -213 Zimbabwe. All have been built in 30 years: 52% of them for irrigation, 20% for urban supply and 6% for electric power generation. In Africa, only 20% of the richest households have electricity.
Large dams have had a very negative impact on the nations and peoples. The worst has been the movement of numbers of people, and also the erosion and flooding of lands and desert encroachment, especially in areas near the Sahara.
deserve a special mention transfers, which in the case of Africa have been the cause of conflict or
solving them.
There are currently two major projects:
• North Africa Project Twilight. Affect the river Congo-Zaire. Born in Zambia and Luapula River and runs 4,370 km in Central Africa, an area of \u200b\u200b4 million km2. Supplies to the lakes Tanganyika and Mueru, and countries like Angola, Zambia, Burundi, Central African Republic, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of Congo and Cameroon. Since the born of the Congo Ubangi, comes to Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, Chad and Sudan. Is diverted to the north, the White Nile to supply Egypt and Sudan and east into the Blue Nile to supply Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Tanzania. It also serves as supply to the Nile Delta, which lost a large influx of water by the Aswan Dam in Lake Nasser. Twilight
• South Africa Project. From the Kasai River, which originates from the Congo. Is the boundary between Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, some 450 km. Towards the Kalahari Desert, for the improvement of agricultural production. Benefits from one party to Zambia, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa and secondly, the Zambezi River into Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Also from the Congo River into the Gulf of Guinea, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, ...
6 .- Disasters by water
United Nations says: "The odds of survival in sub-Saharan Africa are doing better than in England in 1840. "
Climate change affects the entire planet, causing melting icecaps, rising temperatures and extreme ocean volume, among other consequences. According to the International Panel on Climate Change, it is most important and dramatic in Africa, the continent most vulnerable. It is expected that runoff, river flow and reduce water availability in the northern and southern Europe, accompanied by an increased frequency of floods and droughts.
Drought increases in the north, south and east of the country, causing famine and migration to cities, with the usual growth of unhealthy overcrowding their suburbs. The UNDP estimates that 25 African countries (among them: Mauritania, Cape Verde, Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Malawi and Madagascar), suffer severe shortage severe water stress, especially for problems of major droughts.
On the opposite side are the floods caused by torrential rain, loss of vegetation on the banks of rivers, water transfers and large dams.
Lack of access to safe water and adequate sanitation helps spread diseases, exacerbate malnutrition and weakened health. Africa is the only region which is poorer than 30 years ago, where 43 of the 53 nations are chronically hungry and very low income levels.
About 400 million children, one in five in the developing world, lack of improved water. Particularly serious is the situation in Africa south of Sahara, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Uganda, four out of five children unprotected surface water use or have to walk on average more than fifteen minutes to find protected water sources.
This situation is worse in rural areas, 27% vs 7% in urban areas.
not only cause disease, also prevent children especially girls to attend school.
For sanitation, one in three children in the developing world, in total more than 500 million lack access to adequate sanitation. It is worse in rural areas. Million children of school age are infected by parasites, which greatly hampers their ability to learn.
The water-related diseases are all parasitic, immune deficiency can be caused by malnutrition, viral infections, and diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis, all of which are known to exert a strong depressant effect on the immune system, All this aggravates problems such as HIV diagnosis.
Too often, the key determinants of health, as well as the solutions lie outside the direct control of the health sector. Are rooted in areas such as sanitation and water supply, environmental and climatic changes, education, agriculture, trade, tourism, transport, industrial development and housing. However, many countries lack the capacity to measure the effect of other sectors on health. Unless you address these issues, it may be difficult to prevent or control infectious diseases. For all this, despite almost half the African population under 15 years, its productive potential is diminished by hunger, cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, polio and AIDS.
addition, changes in land use and water can also have an important effect on the incidence and distribution of diseases. Deforestation, agricultural development, dams and irrigation schemes can trigger outbreaks of parasitic or other infectious favoring the spread of mosquitoes spread malaria or freshwater mollusks that spread schistosomiasis, of which 82% of cases worldwide occur in sub-Saharan Africa. They are particularly vulnerable
over 500 million poor people living in ecologically fragile regions. Among other diseases affected by environmental changes are lymphatic filariasis, dengue fever, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease and bacterial meningitis.
Malaria mainly affects sub-Saharan Africa, which killed more than 1.1 million people, about 85.7 percent of annual global proportion, and particularly to children under five years. The malaria disease is the leading cause of infant mortality. Another problem is
disease cholera, which are mainly found in West Africa. This unusually high incidence of cholera contribute seasonal factors such as the rainy season particularly heavy and large population movements in the area.
West Africa is located some of the least developed and poorest in the world. Climatic difficulties and conflicts also cause mass population movements, which carries the disease from one place to another hampering efforts to contain the disease. In addition, the countries most affected are those who have more food problems.
bacteria symptoms are diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. Cholera can be easily treated if patients are rehydrated quickly. The bacteria that produces it transmitted through infected water, a common problem in a region where the waters remain untreated and stagnant, and where people are not able to drink purified water. Debug
wells, improve the health system and train people in health and explain how it is transmitted the disease may help stop the epidemic.
Food and water transmit a variety of pathogens that are the source of most cases of diarrhea. In Africa it is estimated that a child has up to four episodes of diarrhea each year. African children have even a chance of getting diarrhea of \u200b\u200bup to 240 times higher than here.
People Africa is extremely vulnerable to these diseases because many are people already weakened by diseases like AIDS and malaria (in sub-Saharan Africa, 1.1 million people die annually, 90% are children under five years).
7 .- Conflicts related
"is more likely to get violent results in societies marked by deep polarization, weak institutions and chronic poverty," UNDP, 2005
In Africa there is a really serious problem, with 13% of total world population, has half the world's refugee population. We have already discussed the difficulties involved the poor live on the margins of cities and how that is a plus of aggravation in the case of water.
Almost 40% of armed conflicts occurring in Africa.
The Zambezi River basin, located in southern Africa, is one of the most used river systems above the convenience of the world. The countries that make up the basin usually compete for the waters of the Zambezi, although they have often suffered from floods and torrential rains. The region experienced in March 2000 the worst floods in recent times, which were exacerbated by the opening of the Kariba Dam in Zimbabwe.
Nile basin: Egypt warned in 1991 that is ready to use force to protect their access to the waters of the Nile, which is also shared by Ethiopia and Sudan. If the population of these countries continues to grow, competition for water could become fierce.
West Africa: When the level of the large West African rivers began to fall, all the economies in the area began to suffer. Ghana, for example, has become totally dependent on hydroelectric supply Akosombo Dam on the Volta River. Mali, one of the world's poorest countries, depends on the Niger River, which flows from Guinea to Nigeria. Mali is dependent on this river for food, water and transport large portions of the river but now face the risk of environmental disasters as a result of pollution. In Nigeria, half the population lacks access to safe drinking water and, as in many parts of Africa, many women have to walk road to get hours daily. As can be seen, much humanity should work for, from a culture of peace, prevent conflicts ends with water.
Despite the latent possibilities of conflicts occurring during the last 50 years there have been only 37 outbreaks of serious disputes with violence. In the same period, 157 treaties negotiated and signed. Disputes typically arise between tribes, sectors using water or states and provinces.
Let's review some violent conflicts that have had their origin in water:
• 1958: Egypt and Sudan for the use of the Nile, ended with a treaty.
• 1964: Ethiopia and Somalia, on groundwater resources in the Ogaden Desert.
• 1975: Angola and South Africa on the Gove Dam on the Kunene River in Angola to protect water resources that they obtained.
• 1978: Egypt and Ethiopia, Ethiopia wants to build dams in the headwaters of the Blue Nile, the conflict lasts until today.
• 1986: South Africa supported the coup because he was in Lesotho passed a law on water that damaged the Republic of South Africa.
• 1988: Cuba supported Angola against South Africa Caluenque attacking the dam.
• 1999: Namibia, Botswana and Zambia, for access to water in the Zambezi River basin. He took the International Court of Justice.
• 1999: Angola, terrorist attacks caused 100 deaths around four wells in the Central region.
Tuesday, October 26, 2010
Mouth Ball Selbst Machen
Spiritual Evolution
note each day and testing my understanding of the different stages of spiritual evolution of human beings, the amazing apathy of some people about spiritual matters, which account for the reasons which crossed the most difficult moments of human suffering.
When we are spiritually empty, when our life will meet success, money, looks, ability to fill at the expense of others, when the physical appearance and ornaments prevail and when it comes to denying the existence of God open fissures that provide the opportunity to self, to be filled with problems such as violence, vice, wickedness, selfishness, sexual disorders, and a long list of current disasters.
The importance given to our existence, our value as human beings, recognition of the inner self as a spark of divine life can we go through this life of flesh, to enlarge them as spirits or souls, it will make our good or bad experience of life here and now. Hence the importance of spiritual education, no matter what religion they belong to everyone, and not in the sense of reading and try to implement to the letter, cutting important spiritual texts were written in a language suitable for early times and that we can only apply at the present time if given the proper interpretation.
In this Spiritual Education should prevail LOVE application. Love in the couple, love our neighbor, love for our environment, love in all its manifestations, which elevate vibration of our thought, affecting absolutely every aspect of our lives. Should prevail also determined to eliminate the thoughts of hatred, gossip, anger, anger and addictions and sexual deviancy. Raising
thought we raise our vibrations and these are irradiated welfare of others, affection, understanding, tenderness. To our eyes say if the thought is clean, and if it is true that the eyes are the mirror of the soul, then the source from which our thoughts is the Soul. Surely we've all seen a look of love, tenderness of confidence, but also, and think the difference now, a look of reproach, judge, incomprehension. Both the one and the other from our spirit and transform only in thought.
I thought now is a phrase heard, one night of sleep in those moments when we return in spirit to our true home, the primitive, the Spirit, that of always, where we arrive after here: "As people learn as love, you need a pattern of behavior. " It seems a perfectly valid message by interpreting it as we can learn from the most evolved spiritual beings and listening to our intuition, we will issue the right way to engage with our brothers of the Earth and our own essence.
Our main commitment is to our spiritual growth, as this will benefit universal. By failing to cultivate the spiritual education are given the opportunity to be disastrous forces such as racism, intolerance, greed, spite, hatred, which govern our existence. ricardo bab oxalic 
note each day and testing my understanding of the different stages of spiritual evolution of human beings, the amazing apathy of some people about spiritual matters, which account for the reasons which crossed the most difficult moments of human suffering.
When we are spiritually empty, when our life will meet success, money, looks, ability to fill at the expense of others, when the physical appearance and ornaments prevail and when it comes to denying the existence of God open fissures that provide the opportunity to self, to be filled with problems such as violence, vice, wickedness, selfishness, sexual disorders, and a long list of current disasters.
The importance given to our existence, our value as human beings, recognition of the inner self as a spark of divine life can we go through this life of flesh, to enlarge them as spirits or souls, it will make our good or bad experience of life here and now. Hence the importance of spiritual education, no matter what religion they belong to everyone, and not in the sense of reading and try to implement to the letter, cutting important spiritual texts were written in a language suitable for early times and that we can only apply at the present time if given the proper interpretation.
In this Spiritual Education should prevail LOVE application. Love in the couple, love our neighbor, love for our environment, love in all its manifestations, which elevate vibration of our thought, affecting absolutely every aspect of our lives. Should prevail also determined to eliminate the thoughts of hatred, gossip, anger, anger and addictions and sexual deviancy. Raising
thought we raise our vibrations and these are irradiated welfare of others, affection, understanding, tenderness. To our eyes say if the thought is clean, and if it is true that the eyes are the mirror of the soul, then the source from which our thoughts is the Soul. Surely we've all seen a look of love, tenderness of confidence, but also, and think the difference now, a look of reproach, judge, incomprehension. Both the one and the other from our spirit and transform only in thought.
I thought now is a phrase heard, one night of sleep in those moments when we return in spirit to our true home, the primitive, the Spirit, that of always, where we arrive after here: "As people learn as love, you need a pattern of behavior. " It seems a perfectly valid message by interpreting it as we can learn from the most evolved spiritual beings and listening to our intuition, we will issue the right way to engage with our brothers of the Earth and our own essence.
Our main commitment is to our spiritual growth, as this will benefit universal. By failing to cultivate the spiritual education are given the opportunity to be disastrous forces such as racism, intolerance, greed, spite, hatred, which govern our existence. ricardo bab oxalic
Monday, August 23, 2010
Lance Battle Sheet Music
IMPROPER COLLECTION
After a day's walk through the fields, the teacher and the pupil returned home from a long way
Passing a field heard a moan checked and found a man down .
was pale and with a large blood stain near the heart aviation being hurt and I was about to lose consciousness very difficult to master and his pupil carried him till his humble abode there trying
wound. A week later, I returned, the man said he had been assaulted and that the reaction was wounded by a knife.
He also said he knew his attacker, and would not rest until he is avenged.
Willing to leave, the man said to the wise: "Sir, I would greatly thank you for saving my life. I have to leave and take with me the gratitude for your kindness. I go to meet him who attacked me and I will do with him feel the same pain I felt.
"The teacher looked at fixed the man and said, "Go and do what you want. However, I must inform you that you owe me three thousand gold coins as payment for the treatment we did." The man was scared and said, "Lord, a lot of money. I am a worker and I have no way to pay that value! "
Calmly, he learned to speak: "If you can not pay for the good that was, that wants to charge right the wrong he did?
" The man looked confused and the teacher concluded:
"Before cashing something, look how much you owe.
Do not charge for ruine things that happen in your life, because life can collect all the good things offered.
"Everyday we are pressed with hundreds of blessings.
The first is the very chance to open his eyes in the physical body. Then the opportunity to fill the lungs with air. Air data to us by the Divine.
The blessing of the food that nourishes the body. Food from the earth generous enough that she planted the seed.
The blessing of work that allows us to develop our skills, advancement, acquisition of material goods that we are needed.
Finally, worthy self-supporting and that we are responsible. The blessing of religion, the spirit that empowers us, giving us the knowledge of the existence of a God Father directing our destinies and saved our life.
The blessing of family, friends, colleagues, the pets. Each, in its way, we offer every day, their love, devotion, enriching our hours. Think, finally, the blessings that each day you receive without effort. You do not need to turn on the sun, or ask him to appear.
He just comes and gives heat, light, life. You do not need any buttons to operate the wind friend revealed stinging days. He just comes. Swing the trees, storm clouds spacious, clean the sky and still plays with her hair. You
does not need to plead with the flowers that radiate their scent for your enjoyment.
You need not beg the bird sounds that fill the day. They appear and offer their ears with the infinite variety of their songs stonework. For all that, think, what right you have to take whoever is accountable for something mean you are done, before a big debit towards divinity all see, provides, without any requirement. Baba
oxalic richar 
After a day's walk through the fields, the teacher and the pupil returned home from a long way
Passing a field heard a moan checked and found a man down .
was pale and with a large blood stain near the heart aviation being hurt and I was about to lose consciousness very difficult to master and his pupil carried him till his humble abode there trying
wound. A week later, I returned, the man said he had been assaulted and that the reaction was wounded by a knife.
He also said he knew his attacker, and would not rest until he is avenged.
Willing to leave, the man said to the wise: "Sir, I would greatly thank you for saving my life. I have to leave and take with me the gratitude for your kindness. I go to meet him who attacked me and I will do with him feel the same pain I felt.
"The teacher looked at fixed the man and said, "Go and do what you want. However, I must inform you that you owe me three thousand gold coins as payment for the treatment we did." The man was scared and said, "Lord, a lot of money. I am a worker and I have no way to pay that value! "
Calmly, he learned to speak: "If you can not pay for the good that was, that wants to charge right the wrong he did?
" The man looked confused and the teacher concluded:
"Before cashing something, look how much you owe.
Do not charge for ruine things that happen in your life, because life can collect all the good things offered.
"Everyday we are pressed with hundreds of blessings.
The first is the very chance to open his eyes in the physical body. Then the opportunity to fill the lungs with air. Air data to us by the Divine.
The blessing of the food that nourishes the body. Food from the earth generous enough that she planted the seed.
The blessing of work that allows us to develop our skills, advancement, acquisition of material goods that we are needed.
Finally, worthy self-supporting and that we are responsible. The blessing of religion, the spirit that empowers us, giving us the knowledge of the existence of a God Father directing our destinies and saved our life.
The blessing of family, friends, colleagues, the pets. Each, in its way, we offer every day, their love, devotion, enriching our hours. Think, finally, the blessings that each day you receive without effort. You do not need to turn on the sun, or ask him to appear.
He just comes and gives heat, light, life. You do not need any buttons to operate the wind friend revealed stinging days. He just comes. Swing the trees, storm clouds spacious, clean the sky and still plays with her hair. You
does not need to plead with the flowers that radiate their scent for your enjoyment.
You need not beg the bird sounds that fill the day. They appear and offer their ears with the infinite variety of their songs stonework. For all that, think, what right you have to take whoever is accountable for something mean you are done, before a big debit towards divinity all see, provides, without any requirement. Baba
oxalic richar
Tuesday, July 27, 2010
Hourly Rate For Colon Hydrotherapist Income
If Cutu Umbanda
"If our mission is Culua Umbanda, our main duty is to worship with absolute conviction, while respecting its principles by studying the foundations for understanding its purpose.
Respect other beliefs.
respect the beliefs of others.
not true mix of beliefs and rituals.
is not the right mix beliefs and rituals.
Umbanda's study, pure, simple and beautiful, so you can practice consciously rising to a level we deserve.
"Umbanda religion and science is admirable, that passion to him who is engaged
"
"Umbanda religion and science is admirable, including those who practice alone x with love and respect
" The doctrine of Umbanda is a system religious inspired by the divine laws. His interpretation is echo for Spiritual Guides transmitted by Communications of the mid sole.
Its interpretation is done by the Spirit guides passing through the media.
logic, justice and reason are the basis of the concepts expressed by institutions about everything that surrounds us in this earthly life.
Umbanda doctrine is a way of reforming the authentic human spiritualization to realize the desired dream of brotherhood among men. No claim is false, it is notorious because it knows the result obtained with the doctrine held continuously by the spirits who present themselves as missionaries or caboclos Old Preto Velho.
who has had the opportunity to chat with a mean the preto velho real reason for existence of Umbanda "baba oxalic ricardo 
"If our mission is Culua Umbanda, our main duty is to worship with absolute conviction, while respecting its principles by studying the foundations for understanding its purpose.
Respect other beliefs.
respect the beliefs of others.
not true mix of beliefs and rituals.
is not the right mix beliefs and rituals.
Umbanda's study, pure, simple and beautiful, so you can practice consciously rising to a level we deserve.
"Umbanda religion and science is admirable, that passion to him who is engaged
"
"Umbanda religion and science is admirable, including those who practice alone x with love and respect
" The doctrine of Umbanda is a system religious inspired by the divine laws. His interpretation is echo for Spiritual Guides transmitted by Communications of the mid sole.
Its interpretation is done by the Spirit guides passing through the media.
logic, justice and reason are the basis of the concepts expressed by institutions about everything that surrounds us in this earthly life.
Umbanda doctrine is a way of reforming the authentic human spiritualization to realize the desired dream of brotherhood among men. No claim is false, it is notorious because it knows the result obtained with the doctrine held continuously by the spirits who present themselves as missionaries or caboclos Old Preto Velho.
who has had the opportunity to chat with a mean the preto velho real reason for existence of Umbanda "baba oxalic ricardo
Sunday, July 11, 2010
Brazilian Wax For Men Bellville
A LESSON FOR ALL MEDIUMS!
Lesson for all mediums ...
The deities were gathered waiting for Olorum, as the great creator, took a little orixa started talking
XANGO boasted-about the size of the kingdom and its riches.
Ogum, recounting his deeds, acts of bravery, showed the scars of war. Oxossi
explained how getting stalk hunting, arguing that without it all would starve. Oxana
spoke of their leaves, remedies and potions, Logun
EDE, meanwhile, said that apart from hunter was very nice and elegant.
Omulu, had his conquests, and his victory over the disease.
Oxumaré, he would have said that without drought and famine, it was the rain that made the land bloom.
Women, for their part also
Oxum stayed behind, he said, "be more charming, and the one that could cook.
OYA, argued that he knew fight and who had power over the winds.
Yemanja, tree-I am the best mother that all would be, let alone in power and grandeur of the waters. NANA
, appealed for their age, others barely had ears to hear ... When he finally arrived
Olorum The silence was total, with the presence and the phrase spoken in loud and challenging:
"So you're arguing about who is the most important?" "Interesting!" He said
OKO Maybe that makes our fields bear fruit, or OBA strong woman, a great warrior ... or even who will EWA, who had a son Orumila who is wise and can predict the future.
This is also important.
Olorum continues
-XANGO, where the food is very dear?
"Of the hunters who hunt and Oxum prepared.
-Ogum, as treated for the cuts that generate these scars?
leaves
-Con Osan and herbs
-Omulu, who created and nurtured to grow and stay strong, when his mother rejected him? "It was IEMANJÁ
" I need to continue?
- Investigate Olorum
- bis cas were all low and embarrassed, then declared:
"EVERYONE IS IMPORTANT, BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS THAT ALL HUMILITY" 
Lesson for all mediums ...
The deities were gathered waiting for Olorum, as the great creator, took a little orixa started talking
XANGO boasted-about the size of the kingdom and its riches.
Ogum, recounting his deeds, acts of bravery, showed the scars of war. Oxossi
explained how getting stalk hunting, arguing that without it all would starve. Oxana
spoke of their leaves, remedies and potions, Logun
EDE, meanwhile, said that apart from hunter was very nice and elegant.
Omulu, had his conquests, and his victory over the disease.
Oxumaré, he would have said that without drought and famine, it was the rain that made the land bloom.
Women, for their part also
Oxum stayed behind, he said, "be more charming, and the one that could cook.
OYA, argued that he knew fight and who had power over the winds.
Yemanja, tree-I am the best mother that all would be, let alone in power and grandeur of the waters. NANA
, appealed for their age, others barely had ears to hear ... When he finally arrived
Olorum The silence was total, with the presence and the phrase spoken in loud and challenging:
"So you're arguing about who is the most important?" "Interesting!" He said
OKO Maybe that makes our fields bear fruit, or OBA strong woman, a great warrior ... or even who will EWA, who had a son Orumila who is wise and can predict the future.
This is also important.
Olorum continues
-XANGO, where the food is very dear?
"Of the hunters who hunt and Oxum prepared.
-Ogum, as treated for the cuts that generate these scars?
leaves
-Con Osan and herbs
-Omulu, who created and nurtured to grow and stay strong, when his mother rejected him? "It was IEMANJÁ
" I need to continue?
- Investigate Olorum
- bis cas were all low and embarrassed, then declared:
"EVERYONE IS IMPORTANT, BUT MORE IMPORTANT IS THAT ALL HUMILITY"
Thursday, July 8, 2010
Crazy Ways To Jerk Off
The spectacle of life
Whether you're a great entrepreneur .
When undertaking, do not be afraid to fail.
When you fail, do not be suspicious to mourn.
When mourn, re-think his life, but not frolic. Give
always a new opportunity for itself.
Find an oasis in the desert.
The losers are the rays.
The winners are the rain and the chance to grow.
The losers are paralyzed in front of the losses and failures.
The winners start all over again.
Know that the greatest failure of human being he care.
not be a slave to your negative thoughts.
Get rid of the worst prison in the world: the prison of emotion.
rarely is inescapable destiny, but a choice.
Choose to be a conscious human being, free and intelligent.
Your life is more important than all the gold in the world.
More beautiful than the stars, the premium work of the Author of life.
Despite its flaws, you are not a number in the crowd.
No one is equal to you in the stage of life.
You are an irreplaceable human being.
people never cease to love.
never cease to be happy.
always Fight for your dreams. Sea
deeply passionate about life.
For life is an incredible show
Whether you're a great entrepreneur .
When undertaking, do not be afraid to fail.
When you fail, do not be suspicious to mourn.
When mourn, re-think his life, but not frolic. Give
always a new opportunity for itself.
Find an oasis in the desert.
The losers are the rays.
The winners are the rain and the chance to grow.
The losers are paralyzed in front of the losses and failures.
The winners start all over again.
Know that the greatest failure of human being he care.
not be a slave to your negative thoughts.
Get rid of the worst prison in the world: the prison of emotion.
rarely is inescapable destiny, but a choice.
Choose to be a conscious human being, free and intelligent.
Your life is more important than all the gold in the world.
More beautiful than the stars, the premium work of the Author of life.
Despite its flaws, you are not a number in the crowd.
No one is equal to you in the stage of life.
You are an irreplaceable human being.
people never cease to love.
never cease to be happy.
always Fight for your dreams. Sea
deeply passionate about life.
For life is an incredible show
Monday, June 21, 2010
How Many Calories In Mcdonalds Sausage Burrito
The first written references to the old astral religion on the island of La Palma
I suggest the ancient texts and externalize the prehistoric sites of the island of La Palma. The organization of space, since time immemorial, it depends on the established orientation points. In La Palma, these points are the positions extremes of the Sun (solstices) and intermediate (Equinox) by more than 99% of cases, the Moon, the star Canopus and the sacred topography in less than 1%. These axis were chosen mainly as a meeting point, mediating between the humanized space (prehistoric) and the position of the stars on schedule. Space and time into a coherent whole within a system of solidarity.
In La Palma is not an unusual fact the existence of sacred items. The original system developed was able to integrate hierophanies (set of forms that exist in the world through which the sacred manifests) basic. This is a process built on experience symbolic logic. And all those references in the island the awara lead us to heaven, ready to reveal the sacred.
Pliny (writer, scientist, naturalist and Roman military) lived in the first century It is very likely that it was in the Canary Islands, but got testimony from direct sources to which it gave shape and meaning, at the expense of making mistakes. It was the first classical author acknowledges the presence of settlers on the island of La Palma and the existence of a monument dedicated to a deity: "alteram insulam Iunoniam appellari, in the tantum ea aediculam exstructam stoned, translated by J. Delgado Álvarez as follows: "The second island is called Junonia, and in it there is a small temple built in stone." Is dedicated to the goddess Juno, the largest of all the goddesses, was part of the Roman Capitoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) and is represented as a lady, sometimes with a scepter.
The following particulars as to the beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of La Palma can be traced back to the fourteenth century. Nothing more, nothing less than two heads of the Church, Popes Clement VI (Bull of 1344) and Urban V (bull of 1369) forcefully demonstrated the existence of an astral cult among aboriginals.
French Pope Clement VI was born in 1291 and was elected pope on May 7, 1342 in Avignon. Around 1344, granted the sovereignty of the Canary Islands to Prince of Castilla, Luis de la Cerda, con la condición de que ningún otro gobernante cristiano hubiera adquirido el derecho a su posesión. El nuevo soberano, a quien se le otorgó el título de Príncipe de Fortunia, accedió a introducir el cristianismo en las islas y a pagar tributo a la Santa Sede. La muerte de Luis de la Cerda dejó el Principado en proyecto.
En septiembre del año 1369 el Papa Urbano V hizo pública una bula en la que alentaba la llegada de religiosos a Canarias con el fin de convertir a la fe de Cristo a los infieles canarios. En la Bula “Ad hoc Semper” podemos encontrar la fantástica afirmación de que eran “adoradores del sol y la luna”.
Es imposible entender las antiguas culturas sin sus dioses stellar or is it perhaps "the ancient Mesopotamian texts lied when they talk about the stars as gods? "We also timaron Egyptian scribes and priests? Are fake Mayan codices that relate their life with the stars? Are we deceived Greek and Roman mythology to create a star? Have we betrayed Herodotus when he said that the Libyans worshiped the sun and the moon? Is it a mockery of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto canaries specify that worshiped the sun, moon and other planets? Did not the truth Valentin Fernandez in 1505 to outline the Canarian natives worshiped some of the Sun, Moon and others to the other to the stars? "It distorts the Tuareg now when they believe and worship the stars as their principal deities? According to René Basset (1910), as well as mountains, rocks, caves and rivers, the Berbers also worshiped the stars, first the Sun Is it coincidence that the world of ancient temples or cathedrals, churches and Christian shrines take EO axis plane, rising sun, setting sun? Anyone can check with a simple compass.
Pliny (writer, scientist, naturalist and Roman military) lived in the first century It is very likely that it was in the Canary Islands, but got testimony from direct sources to which it gave shape and meaning, at the expense of making mistakes. It was the first classical author acknowledges the presence of settlers on the island of La Palma and the existence of a monument dedicated to a deity: "alteram insulam Iunoniam appellari, in the tantum ea aediculam exstructam stoned, translated by J. Delgado Álvarez as follows: "The second island is called Junonia, and in it there is a small temple built in stone." Is dedicated to the goddess Juno, the largest of all the goddesses, was part of the Roman Capitoline Triad (Jupiter, Juno and Minerva) and is represented as a lady, sometimes with a scepter.
The following particulars as to the beliefs of the ancient inhabitants of La Palma can be traced back to the fourteenth century. Nothing more, nothing less than two heads of the Church, Popes Clement VI (Bull of 1344) and Urban V (bull of 1369) forcefully demonstrated the existence of an astral cult among aboriginals.
French Pope Clement VI was born in 1291 and was elected pope on May 7, 1342 in Avignon. Around 1344, granted the sovereignty of the Canary Islands to Prince of Castilla, Luis de la Cerda, con la condición de que ningún otro gobernante cristiano hubiera adquirido el derecho a su posesión. El nuevo soberano, a quien se le otorgó el título de Príncipe de Fortunia, accedió a introducir el cristianismo en las islas y a pagar tributo a la Santa Sede. La muerte de Luis de la Cerda dejó el Principado en proyecto.
En septiembre del año 1369 el Papa Urbano V hizo pública una bula en la que alentaba la llegada de religiosos a Canarias con el fin de convertir a la fe de Cristo a los infieles canarios. En la Bula “Ad hoc Semper” podemos encontrar la fantástica afirmación de que eran “adoradores del sol y la luna”.
Es imposible entender las antiguas culturas sin sus dioses stellar or is it perhaps "the ancient Mesopotamian texts lied when they talk about the stars as gods? "We also timaron Egyptian scribes and priests? Are fake Mayan codices that relate their life with the stars? Are we deceived Greek and Roman mythology to create a star? Have we betrayed Herodotus when he said that the Libyans worshiped the sun and the moon? Is it a mockery of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto canaries specify that worshiped the sun, moon and other planets? Did not the truth Valentin Fernandez in 1505 to outline the Canarian natives worshiped some of the Sun, Moon and others to the other to the stars? "It distorts the Tuareg now when they believe and worship the stars as their principal deities? According to René Basset (1910), as well as mountains, rocks, caves and rivers, the Berbers also worshiped the stars, first the Sun Is it coincidence that the world of ancient temples or cathedrals, churches and Christian shrines take EO axis plane, rising sun, setting sun? Anyone can check with a simple compass.
I suggest the ancient texts and externalize the prehistoric sites of the island of La Palma. The organization of space, since time immemorial, it depends on the established orientation points. In La Palma, these points are the positions extremes of the Sun (solstices) and intermediate (Equinox) by more than 99% of cases, the Moon, the star Canopus and the sacred topography in less than 1%. These axis were chosen mainly as a meeting point, mediating between the humanized space (prehistoric) and the position of the stars on schedule. Space and time into a coherent whole within a system of solidarity. La Voz de La Palma, June 2010.
Sunday, June 13, 2010
Masterbation Is It Healhty
BARA
divine messenger, guardian of temples, houses and cities. He owns all doors, all keys and all the roads. He is revered in the first place in all of the African nation terreiros. Get your gifts at the crossroads.
If no job, no direction of your life or you have any kind of business just lick the orixa Bara asked this can give you the solution.
terreiro There is no African tradition is seated at Bara. He is the beginning and end of everything, even after the death of an initiate in religion, the first to receive ritual is Bara.
Bara in Yoruba which means strength, if treated properly react favorably to him who offerings. Bara Olorum granted the privilege of receiving the first offerings in the first place. Without it, it is nice not to be heard by himself or any orixa Olorum
The day dedicated to Bara is Monday, its main color is red. Baras
the Batuque culture in Rio Grande do Sul are: BARA
LODE: Exu Lode, has his settlement outside the temple. Divide your home with Avago Ogun. Is the Orisha that maintains the structure of the temple, its sustainability depends on the Bara tereiro. BARA
ADAGE: Get your gifts at the crossroads, the place is done in the temple is one of the most sought after because it grabs the front of Ogun, Oya, xhangó, Ode, Otim, Oba, and Xapanã Ossa. BARA
LANA: Work on cruise ships (crucezilhadas). Has the same attributes of Bara AdAge. It also responds to the cruise matos (mountains). BARA
AJELÚ: This is the exu grabbing the face of orixa water Oxum, Oxala yemanja.
addition of EPO (oil den den) is used in its offering, honey.
divine messenger, guardian of temples, houses and cities. He owns all doors, all keys and all the roads. He is revered in the first place in all of the African nation terreiros. Get your gifts at the crossroads.
If no job, no direction of your life or you have any kind of business just lick the orixa Bara asked this can give you the solution.
terreiro There is no African tradition is seated at Bara. He is the beginning and end of everything, even after the death of an initiate in religion, the first to receive ritual is Bara.
Bara in Yoruba which means strength, if treated properly react favorably to him who offerings. Bara Olorum granted the privilege of receiving the first offerings in the first place. Without it, it is nice not to be heard by himself or any orixa Olorum
The day dedicated to Bara is Monday, its main color is red. Baras
the Batuque culture in Rio Grande do Sul are: BARA
LODE: Exu Lode, has his settlement outside the temple. Divide your home with Avago Ogun. Is the Orisha that maintains the structure of the temple, its sustainability depends on the Bara tereiro. BARA
ADAGE: Get your gifts at the crossroads, the place is done in the temple is one of the most sought after because it grabs the front of Ogun, Oya, xhangó, Ode, Otim, Oba, and Xapanã Ossa. BARA
LANA: Work on cruise ships (crucezilhadas). Has the same attributes of Bara AdAge. It also responds to the cruise matos (mountains). BARA
AJELÚ: This is the exu grabbing the face of orixa water Oxum, Oxala yemanja.
addition of EPO (oil den den) is used in its offering, honey.
Monday, June 7, 2010
Is Pityrasis Rosea Maningitis
What is the origin of the devil? I have a heart
. Well, who really read the Bible, or those who know the story of "the Holy Mother Roman Catholic Church," is not surprising that the mythological figures of other religions were transformed into beings of evil, to scare the faithful. And the other traditional religions as aset, and enter the game as well. You think I'd be after reading this thorough study leave your comment .
Pan
Throughout the text, try to make a comparative analysis of the Pan American God in all civilizations, and its legends, myths, fairy tales and different words that came from his name, as the panic, the panacea, pantheism among many others. The god Pan is often called the Faun, Sylvanus, Lupercus the devil (the Tarot). Your feminine side is the fauna, is Exu (in Umbanda), the phallic Orisha Capricorn (in astrology), Dionysus (god of wine), Bacchus (the famous Bacchanal). It is often compared to hunters gods or even Tupa (Champaign, Caboclo).
The god Pan is an ancient Greek god, originally worshiped in the region of Arcadia. Pan is the guardian of herds that have the task of multiplying. God of woods and pastures, protector of the shepherds came to earth with horns, ears and legs of a goat. Pan is the son of Mercury.
The explanation of the allegory of a god mixed (human goat +) being the son of Mercury is very simple: it was only natural that the messenger of the gods, is always considered intermediate, transition among the gods in human form and back, so animal. However, it seems that the birth of Pan caused some excitement in her mother, who was frightened by the strange shape. According to Hesiod, when Mercury introduced the child to the other gods of Olympus laughed.
"Mercury came to Arcadia, which was successful in droves. Does not extend the field of sacred Cilene; these moors, he, the mighty God, except the lily of a mere mortal ears, as conceived burning desire to join a beautiful nymph, daughter of Dríops. There was finally the hymen sweet. The young nymph gave birth to the son of Mercury, boy strange, crowbars and forehead, armed with two horns. Seeing the nurse leaves him and flees. Amazing in that look terrible and so thick beard. However, the benevolent Mercury, getting immediately put it on your lap, jubilant. So come to the abode of the immortals, carefully concealing the child in the velvety skin of a hare. Then submit them to the boy. All the immortals are happy, especially Bacchus, and give the name of Pan, since for each object was fun. "
Nymphs relentlessly mocked the poor Pan, because of their ugly faces, and the god unhappy, it is said, never took the decision to love. But Cupid is cruel, and maintains a tradition Pan, hoping one day to fight him, was defeated and killed in front of the nymphs laughed.
There are several legends related to Pan One refers to the flute that always accompanied him. This story is as follows: Once, Pan fell in love with the nymph Syrinx, but has not been matched. Therefore, Syrinx fled lived half man half goat god, until he hid in a lake and drowned. In place of his death, had stems of reeds that Pan cut and turned into a flute of seven tubes, which became an attribute of it. Syrinx then immortalized.
Pan was also the god of fertility, unbridled male sexuality and carnal desire. As the name of God meaning "all" in the broadest sense of nature, fertility. For the alchemists and scholars of philosophy, Pan came to be regarded as a symbol of the universe and personification of Nature, and, more recently, a representative of all the gods. Celebrating
Pan is to celebrate nature as primary sexuality, drinking, pleasure and good music. Their celebrations were marked by singing, dancing, wine and sexual magic rites of fertility and prosperity, devoted to plantations, crops and livestock.
Faunos
The Romans had a pantheon of gods that was mostly "inherited" from the Greek culture. Therefore, almost all the Roman gods have corresponding Greek. Sylvanus and Faunus were Latin divinities, whose characteristics are very similar to Pan, which can be considered as the same character with different names. Among the Romans, fauns were wild forest deities with small horns, goat legs and short tail. Accompanied the god Faunus, was cheerful, clever, and they were always singing and having fun. Fauns are analogous to the Greek satyrs.
Faun is the god of wild nature and fertility, also regarded as the giver of oracles. As the protector of the herds, also called Lupercus ("one who protects the wolves").
A certain tradition says that Faunus was the king of Latium, son of Picus and grandson of the god Saturn. After his death he was deified as Fatuus, and there was a small cult around his person, in the sacred grove of Tibur (Tivoli). On 15 February (the date of foundation of the temple), the festival, the Lupercalia was held. Priests (called Luperce) wearing goat skins and walked down the streets of Rome to hit the audience with leather belts goat. Another festival dedicated to his memory was that of the fauna, made close to harvest, to invoke the attributes of prosperity.
His female counterpart is the fauna, the goddess of the forest. Unlike Pan, who possessed the attributes of masculinity associated with the goat, Fauna was the lady of the forests and plants. His followers were the nymphs and dryads (which curiously has the same origin etymology of the word druid - which means "those who know the trees"). Taking
horns
For Catholics (And later the Protestants), the horns came to represent the Devil, lamb or goat that was sacrificed for the redemption of sin. But the Horns have always been signs of something divine. In Babylon, the degree of importance of the gods was identified by the number of horns which they are assigned. Moses was represented artistically with horns on his forehead (the famous statue by Michelangelo), and Alexander himself, commissioned a painting of his portrait, drawn with ram's horns on his forehead.
The ancient Jews knew this symbolism, received from the mythologies of the surrounding area. "Se'irim" usually translates as "goat." They live in high places, deserts, ruins ... In Genesis we read that the sons of Jacob slaughtered a goat with its blood to dye the coat of Joseph (Genesis 37:31). The vulgar term "goat", is designated by the same word is used elsewhere to describe a satyr. The Hebrew word properly means Sa'ir "the hairy" and applies to any other goat satyr or less elemental divinity, in the popular mind.
The term "horns of lead," as a pejorative, came later, because the Romans. The Celtic warrior queens had harems of men responsible for giving pleasure while the king was in the battles (Similar to harems as common in women). This, to the Romans (and later for Catholics), was absurd. In his opinion kings sexist, Celtic allowed these concubines were "lesser men" that Roman warriors and began to spread the relationship between the "possession of horns" (European kings or symbols used to wear helmets on their horns as status symbols ) and "his wife slept with another man."
An interesting fact that I will speak in the future Gwenhwyfar is the story of one of these queens, who led after the character named Geneva, wife of King Arthur. Gwenhwyfar had concubines, while that the king was in the battle and later in the Christianization of these myths, the concubine of Geneva became his "lover" (and later in French hands of Chretien de Troyes, the king's mistress becomes English French knight Lancelot ... ... is the story of King Arthur who knows he is a fruit salad consisting of several stacked historical legends, but that's another topic for discussion another day).
For the Celts, the God Cornífero
The Horned God is represented as a being with human head, horns and legs of goat or deer. He is the guardian of the inputs and the magic circle is drawn to begin the ritual. It is the pagan god of the forest, the king and lord of oak forest. He is the god who dies and is reborn when (the Lord of the Seasons). Its cycles of life and death represent our own existence. The horns and red coat is a rite of passage (I talked about this in previous columns), both which are present to this day the allegorical figure of the Crown and the Network Layer Kings of Europe.
But why this picture horrible evil? The horn had sacred connotations, as a sign of "divine", as ten thousand years before Christ, the Neolithic, also representing the fertility and vitality. It was believed that horns were given special powers from the stars and the heavens (the symbolism of the tail formed by comets). Just look at the cornucopia of stories that sprouted horns of fruits and vegetables sufficient to feed everyone, in a sign of abundance and prosperity.
There are several versions of the horned god and the god Cernunnos (Celtic version of Roman-Gallo). In the pagan religion Wicca, founded by Gerald Gardner, it is believed that the Horned God is the guardian of entries and the circle of the rites. According to Wicca, the Horned God was born of the great goddess, the supreme deity of Wicca, represented by many faces.
A version of the horned god is the one considered the protector of shepherds and flocks. A version of the god Osiris - regarded by the Egyptians the god of agriculture and life after death. In some caves in France have found paintings of the paleolithic period, with men dressed in deer, representing the God Cernunnos (including movies Mists of Avalon, King Arthur who, dressed in a way w / her sister deflower. Malandrops). He is often depicted in the images, accompanied by a snake, and in more modern times, with a bag full of coins.
usually depicted sitting cross-legged and perhaps take over as a shaman. It is also considered the god of the hunt and the forest, today is a god or divine being almost forgotten, remembered only in pagan religions.
We can clearly see that none of these gods was not related to a being "hellish." But today, in which we imagine to be the devil or hell, what comes to mind is an image demonic, evil, a being with horns and goat legs. religious conspiracy existed in the distortion of the image of God Cernunnos? They have created this farce just to try to end the image of the ancient religions? Time.
Exu - The Orisha Phallic
Eshu also has the following attributes or epithets: Exu Lonan, lord of the roads, Ebo-Exu Osije the Divine Messenger; Exu Bara, the Lord (of motion) of the Council; Exu Odara, Lord of Happiness Eleru Exu, the Lord Ritual of Obligation; Exu Yang, Lord of the Red laterite; Elegbara Exu, the Lord of transmuting power; Exu Agba, who is the ancestor; Exu Ina, the Lord of Fire.
Exu is the Orisha who governs the game of Buzios, a form of divination. Says a myth that Exu is the only Orisha who had this power, but decided to share with Ifa in exchange for offerings and petitions before any other Orisha.
Like Hermes, Eshu is the messenger of the gods, his power is to receive and transport the requests and offerings Ørum humans, the World of Gods. Lord of the roads, the crossroads of trade and all kinds of communication. It also represents the fertility of life, the powers of sexual, reproductive and generative. We can not forget that sex, unlike what Catholics and evangelicals say (a thing of lust, sin), is actually a sacred act. Maybe that's why it's sexual power, Christians are compared to the devil.
The origin of the myth of Esu association with the devil comes from the Jesuits. When slaves made their African religious syncretism with Catholic saints, the Jesuits suspected that something was wrong ... in the religions of Africa is the figure of the devil, only god with human characteristics. Then found a phallic symbol representing the exudate and had the idea "brilliant" to associate the erect penis and sex (sin) with the devil to complete the Catholic pantheon. Add two centuries of Catholic corruption and (later) and have evangelical Exú image as it is today.
Not to mention that usually the figure of the Lord Eshu is placed with horns, tail, painted red, like the image that Christians "draw" the devil ... So Eshu truth of African religions have nothing in common with the devil playful and strange statues marketed and used in an arbitrary manner on the terraces are the fruit of the imagination of visionaries who see nothing beyond the expression of feelings depressing way down in the creatures that are linked.
Devil and Ayin - Route 26
When I ask anyone if God is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent, and usually say yes, they conclude with the following question: Who is the devil ? They receive no response ... Now this man, as widespread by the Judeo-Christian religions, there is. The concept of good and evil is relative, is intrinsically connected with human beings, within each of us and not outside.
The devil only exists within our fragile hearts and reign in those who do not master their emotions and sailing as the tide of events, without direction. In the Kabbalah, the Devil is the road leading from Hod (Reason) to Tiferet (the Enlightenment). Is the path to the left, meaning that to attain enlightenment we must face our mistakes and face the fears and become responsible for everything we do, so cold. The Devil Tarot represents the passions and true desires and the intrinsic falsity or false hypocrisy deleted. Perhaps that is so feared among the laity to play with the tarot, who teamed up with "evil." Your sign is associated with Capricorn, the sign of traditionalism, the severity of correct lines.
Tupan
or Tupan Tupa (which in Tupi language means "thunder") is an entity of the Tupi-Guarani mythology. Indians pray to Nhanderuvuçu Tupa and his messenger, who was not exactly a god but a manifestation of a god. Tupa was not "god" as the Jesuits wanted to do with their "bright ideas" of catechesis to force the Indians, but a messenger of the gods, ie the same characteristics of Hermes and Exu.
For those who think this is an exaggeration, just check out what our friend Jesuit Father Quevedo invents or distorts about Umbanda and spiritualism today and see that the Jesuits continued this habit of lying and distorting the culture of others, including a total of 2010.
Tupa said his people "is an adaptation of the work of catechesis." In fact, the term "Tupa" existed, not as a deity, but as the sound of thunder connotative (shovel-Tu, Tu-Tu-corduroy or paganism, bump / thump), so it was just a fact known the Indian whose cause and therefore feared. Osvaldo Orico is of the opinion that the Indians were aware of the existence of a force, a God above all else. Thus, says "Despite the simple religious idea that characterized him, had the idea of \u200b\u200bGod, whose voice was heard in the storm - cinunga Tupa, or" thunder ", whose light was the reflection Tupãberaba, or" lightning " . The Indians believed that the god of creation, the god of light. It would be the Sun direction
Pandora
In mythology Greek, Pandora ("gifted") was the first woman created by Zeus as punishment for daring men in heaven Titan Prometheus stealing the secret of fire. "Pandora's Box" is a term used to describe anything that stimulates curiosity, but it is better not touch (as when he says that "curiosity killed the cat"). It originates from the Greek myth of the first woman, Pandora, by order of the gods opened a container (no dispute about the nature of this, perhaps a pot, a pitcher, a vase or a table like a log ... ) where all the evils that have since swept to humanity, leaving only those who destroy hope in the bottom of the container. There are some similarities with Judeo-Christian story of Adam (Adam) and Eve in which the woman is also responsible for the misfortune of mankind.
As Zeus (Jupiter) and his brothers (the generation of the Olympian gods) began to compete for power with the generation of Titans, Prometheus was seen as the enemy, and his friends were seen as a mortal threat. So to punish mortals, Zeus deprived man of fire, symbolically, the light in the soul, intelligence ... Prometheus, "the friend of men," stole a spark of celestial fire and brought to land, reviving men.
Upon discovering the theft, Zeus decided to punish the robber to the provision. Prometheus was chained to a pillar and an eagle devoured his liver during the day, which grew again at night. To punish man, Zeus ordered Hephaestus (Vulcan) that shaped a woman similar to the immortal goddesses, and there were several gifts. Athena (Minerva) taught him the art of weaving, Aphrodite (Venus) gave her beauty and indomitable desire, Hermes (Mercury) filled his heart tricks, daring, cunning, deceit and cynicism, embellished Graces gold necklaces beautiful ... Zeus sent Pandora to Epimetheus as a gift, which, ignoring the recommendation of Prometheus, his brother, who never received a gift from Zeus, agreed. When Pandora, out of curiosity, opened a box he had brought from Olympus, as a wedding gift to her husband, fled his all calamities and misfortunes which still plague mankind. Pandora still tried to close the box, but it was too late: it was empty, except for "hope", which remained stuck at the edge of the box.
Another Greek legend says that Pandora is the goddess of resurrection. Why not born a deity, is known as a demigod. Pandora was a human linked to Hades. His ambition to become the goddess of Olympus, wife of Zeus made him open the jar divine. Zeus, to punish her, took her own life. Hades with an interest in the ambitions of Pandora, searched the Pacas (Masterpieces of the time) and asked for time to return. Without the permission of Zeus, who could not do anything. Hades persuaded his brother to raise Pandora. Thanks to the arguments of his brother, giving up deity Zeus always wanted. So, Pandora has become the goddess of resurrection. To elevate the spirit, Pandora gives you a job if the spirit is found, has risen. Pandora, Zeus with hate for him to have become a minor goddess, dedication to the spirits just impossible tasks. Therefore, no spirit could not be resurrected.
Peter Pan
The boy wizard Flying without fear of aging, but not grow. Peter Pan leads the gnomes and fairies in the old common European history. These archetypes, "as Jung, have reappeared in the mind" collective "with great frequency, ie, Peter, seen through the eyes of the mythical god Pan, god of forests, wild nature is living in each of us.
Peter Pan plays his flute in the film with nostalgia Hogan. Without sadness, however. After all, can only have happy thoughts, because only this can fly. Neverland, fairies, imagination ... is the task for the watch back to the Tit Disney cartoon guy.
Finally ... the horns were always representations of light, wisdom and knowledge among ancient peoples. So as we see, from time immemorial, the horns were considered symbols of royalty, divinity, wealth, and not the symbols of evil as many still associates and partners. The horn has always symbolized the strength of an animal, or the power of a person or nation.
we then say that God, the Great Mother and the Horned God together represent the forces of the universe of Cacho. It is the greatest symbol of royalty, prosperity, divinity, light, wisdom and wealth. It fertilizes the power that all things on earth. Already
goat legs have always been in contact with the ground, virility, prosperity and fertility, suitable for those working in the field and not afraid to climb the mountain of the spirit upward. Pan
represents the tree of life, human freedom to enjoy nature in peace and harmony, to continue with the divinity and freedom of thought. Pan represents sex as a source of pleasure for men and women as well as a way to reach the divine state, without the need for tolls.
And for this reason it was so necessary for the church to turn it into "enemy" and, through centuries of terror and lies that she created (and creates up to today) of his followers, today we are in a completely distorted picture of nature and ancient god
oxalic RICARDO
Friday, June 4, 2010
Mayan Tattoo And Meaning
"I believe in Olorum, Omnipotent and Supreme Court, I believe in spirituality due Orixas and Divine who brought to life by the will of this majestic
Spiritual Father I believe in phalanges, addressing men in this life, I believe in reincarnation and the Law of Divine Justice Under the Law of Karma, I believe in communicating Spirit Guides guiding us along the path of charity and do good, believe in spiritual invocation, prayers and offerings, as acts of faith and believe in religion Umbanda kinbanda as able to evolve and take us on the path of evolution to our Olorum father. Axe Olorum "BABA RICARDO oxalic
Friday, May 28, 2010
Kate's Playground Wedding
The social role of women canary in antiquity
In general, societies with monotheistic religions were patrilineal, placing a back seat to women, often rated the same or worse than animals. However, more ancient past, the role of the sacred feminine dye reached as the bearer of fertility and life.
If we come to the Canary Islands, among the Berbers of North Africa and the Canary Islands, although men are involved in major events and religious rituals, women are highly respected by his relationship with the gods. For example, are those that predict the future by reading in the hands, in clouds or in plants. The comparative ethnography shows that also occurs in many original peoples and even among the advanced nations. Marriages are monogamous, but there is separation. Canarian women is very strong physically and mentally, gives the descent, transmits wisdom popular oral literature and crafts making it a pillar of tradition and culture. Amazigh women is often the repository of the basic craft techniques of daily living, such as pottery, basketry or weaving mats from palm leaves. Do not wear headscarves and many of them still keep alive the ancient custom of wearing of tattoos on the face, hands or feet, which have their symbolic code referred to social status.
ancient literary sources canary clearly reflected the prominent role of Aboriginal women. In Fuerteventura, Leonardo Torriani provides some details on the role of women in ancient Amazigh society. Tibiabin was considered fateful woman and much knowledge, who, by revelation from demons or natural trial, prophesied many things that later proved true, so it was regarded by all as a goddess and worshiped and ruled things ceremonies and rites , as a priestess. Tamonante things governed justice and decided disputes and disagreements that occurred between the powerful and
main island Gran Canaria, Abreu Galindo argues that women were many and religious canary, who lived in seclusion and were maintained and sustained what the nobles were given, whose houses and dwellings had large pre-eminence, and differed from other women their skins long they dragged on the ground, and were white. They called magadas. When there were storms, went in procession with sticks in their hands, and magadas with glasses of milk and butter and palm branches. Marched to the mountains and there Umiaya Tirmac and butter and milk spilled, did dances and sang dirges around a rock, and from there went to sea and gave the sticks in the water with shouts of joy.
In La Palma, Abreu Galindo awara states that women were less bulk than men, were characterized by manly courage and ferocity executed without any apology to Christians. The same author immortalized the fight between a gang of settlers islanders and the palm Guayanfanta woman "of great courage and great body, which seemed huge, and extremely white." Relates how the Christians surrounded, fought with them as he could and, looking harassed, charged with a Christian and, taking it under his arm, went to a cliff to jump into the void with it, and came despite another Christian and cut off his legs, fell over the cliff. 
In general, societies with monotheistic religions were patrilineal, placing a back seat to women, often rated the same or worse than animals. However, more ancient past, the role of the sacred feminine dye reached as the bearer of fertility and life.
If we come to the Canary Islands, among the Berbers of North Africa and the Canary Islands, although men are involved in major events and religious rituals, women are highly respected by his relationship with the gods. For example, are those that predict the future by reading in the hands, in clouds or in plants. The comparative ethnography shows that also occurs in many original peoples and even among the advanced nations. Marriages are monogamous, but there is separation. Canarian women is very strong physically and mentally, gives the descent, transmits wisdom popular oral literature and crafts making it a pillar of tradition and culture. Amazigh women is often the repository of the basic craft techniques of daily living, such as pottery, basketry or weaving mats from palm leaves. Do not wear headscarves and many of them still keep alive the ancient custom of wearing of tattoos on the face, hands or feet, which have their symbolic code referred to social status.
ancient literary sources canary clearly reflected the prominent role of Aboriginal women. In Fuerteventura, Leonardo Torriani provides some details on the role of women in ancient Amazigh society. Tibiabin was considered fateful woman and much knowledge, who, by revelation from demons or natural trial, prophesied many things that later proved true, so it was regarded by all as a goddess and worshiped and ruled things ceremonies and rites , as a priestess. Tamonante things governed justice and decided disputes and disagreements that occurred between the powerful and main island Gran Canaria, Abreu Galindo argues that women were many and religious canary, who lived in seclusion and were maintained and sustained what the nobles were given, whose houses and dwellings had large pre-eminence, and differed from other women their skins long they dragged on the ground, and were white. They called magadas. When there were storms, went in procession with sticks in their hands, and magadas with glasses of milk and butter and palm branches. Marched to the mountains and there Umiaya Tirmac and butter and milk spilled, did dances and sang dirges around a rock, and from there went to sea and gave the sticks in the water with shouts of joy.
In La Palma, Abreu Galindo awara states that women were less bulk than men, were characterized by manly courage and ferocity executed without any apology to Christians. The same author immortalized the fight between a gang of settlers islanders and the palm Guayanfanta woman "of great courage and great body, which seemed huge, and extremely white." Relates how the Christians surrounded, fought with them as he could and, looking harassed, charged with a Christian and, taking it under his arm, went to a cliff to jump into the void with it, and came despite another Christian and cut off his legs, fell over the cliff.
Sunday, February 14, 2010
Ice Cream Hair Color Chart Inebrya
The management of livestock grazing on the tops of the Caldera
demographic, economic, technological and social changes have played an important role in optimizing natural resources in an island La Palma. The alteration of the landscape is directly related to the use of resources Subsistence use of wood and grass as a reflection of their political ability to implement or maintain a decision on a territory. However, the landscape can not be reduced solely to an economic dimension. They established
final and binding agreements about grazing rights, livestock, trade in goods and marriage. The management of grazing lands was vital for the survival of the community, referring to the entire island. The first awara who arrived in La Palma found a true haven for their cattle. Pastures are abundant over a large territory, allowing flexibility of uses of different plants at different periods story year.
We can not continue to advance the knowledge of the prehistoric peoples of the Canary Islands if you do not look at imazighen cultures that still survive in North Africa. In this sense, it helps the email that we sent Emiliano Hernández Oliva with a documentary on the ancient system of agdal that mesioua Yagur created to manage the pasture-land for livestock belonging to the Berber villages of the High Atlas, Morocco .
The agdal is a Berber origin system is the regulation of access to a natural resource, being used by almost all the Berber tribes of the High Atlas and Southern Morocco. This resource can be a forest, fodder for goats and sheep, or even a farm land. The agdal is governed by specific dates for opening and closing of an area during a particular time of year. This contributes significantly to the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity, and on the other hand, social cohesion in the management of natural resources for subsistence of the people, thereby enhancing the living and sense of group among the tribes, families or villages. It is a principle of equality that is measured equally by all.
Its base is a strong rationale for material and economic production, but with a strong religious influence, where the sense of the sacred building meaning that orders the territory of various fractions spread over the valleys of the Atlas Mountains. Most of the different tribal communities still pray to a saint or holy man who is the unifying concerning human group, which, after opening agdal through celebrations and rituals, offer animals, vegetables, grain and butter, predicting and prosperity and fertility of the community (http://www.antropologiavisual.net/2007/agdal-voces-del-atlas/).
The awara were some eternal trasterminantes-term refers to short trips from coast to summit. In summer, when the sun has burned the grass of the coastal and midlands, moving to the communal land summit demarcated around the outer edge near the Caldera, above 1,800 m altitude, where camps have begun to proliferate, and the inner walls of the large crater Taburiente.
Surely, like Atlas imazighen peoples, access to the commons for the summit was governed by a board comprising the entire island for about 3 or 4 months, in spring, these areas were closed to grazing to be the most sensitive period of growth and reproduction of plants. Not grazed the peaks until the seeds mature, especially those of grasses and other short-cycle plants. Clearly, the closure is not physical barriers but by moral and traditional rights. This does not mean that there are other areas of permanent pasture on the island-shores, midlands, Cumbre Nueva and Cumbre Vieja. Is a system used to allow the reproduction of plants the following year. The entry of animals during the closure was punished by customary law. From March
subtly begins flowering summits, wallflowers first, then violet, are the first to show their charms lilies, until the yellow monochrome landscape begins. Its maximum maturity occurs in June / July. Would the arrival of the summer solstice or lunasticio the moment that marks the opening of the communal grazing summit? We do not know magical-religious world reinforces the grazing system. They are the gods who rule in these sacred lands. The standard ritual of summer between Atlas mesioua animal sacrifice was to reconcile the telluric forces, demons, and thus to promote the fertility of the animals themselves, men, vegetation, rain, etc.. Everything goes together. It's all a show of wisdom.
The sense of community is deeply rooted in these ancient peoples. In summer, the highest peaks of La Palma became a hotbed for human and animal racking, time took advantage to strengthen social relationships.
From XVI century, started a new era. While pastors are in breach of the standard historical ancestral individualism is imposed on the community, demystify grasslands and become subject to economic exploitation. Now they are the gods of the land owners are men. That individuality leads to disregard certain rules and raise the animals before the seeds mature, resulting in the loss of the new generation of plants and the disappearance of fragile species and the spread of the toughest - laburnum. Pastures are overexploited and lose quality. Definitely, the humans took over the territory's most sacred island in the decade 1980, banned grazing in the mountains to make way for impressive buildings of IAC (Canary Island Astrophysics Institute), with National Parks in charge of recovering some of the flora is in danger of extinction. 
demographic, economic, technological and social changes have played an important role in optimizing natural resources in an island La Palma. The alteration of the landscape is directly related to the use of resources Subsistence use of wood and grass as a reflection of their political ability to implement or maintain a decision on a territory. However, the landscape can not be reduced solely to an economic dimension. They established
final and binding agreements about grazing rights, livestock, trade in goods and marriage. The management of grazing lands was vital for the survival of the community, referring to the entire island. The first awara who arrived in La Palma found a true haven for their cattle. Pastures are abundant over a large territory, allowing flexibility of uses of different plants at different periods story year.
We can not continue to advance the knowledge of the prehistoric peoples of the Canary Islands if you do not look at imazighen cultures that still survive in North Africa. In this sense, it helps the email that we sent Emiliano Hernández Oliva with a documentary on the ancient system of agdal that mesioua Yagur created to manage the pasture-land for livestock belonging to the Berber villages of the High Atlas, Morocco . The agdal is a Berber origin system is the regulation of access to a natural resource, being used by almost all the Berber tribes of the High Atlas and Southern Morocco. This resource can be a forest, fodder for goats and sheep, or even a farm land. The agdal is governed by specific dates for opening and closing of an area during a particular time of year. This contributes significantly to the conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity, and on the other hand, social cohesion in the management of natural resources for subsistence of the people, thereby enhancing the living and sense of group among the tribes, families or villages. It is a principle of equality that is measured equally by all.
Its base is a strong rationale for material and economic production, but with a strong religious influence, where the sense of the sacred building meaning that orders the territory of various fractions spread over the valleys of the Atlas Mountains. Most of the different tribal communities still pray to a saint or holy man who is the unifying concerning human group, which, after opening agdal through celebrations and rituals, offer animals, vegetables, grain and butter, predicting and prosperity and fertility of the community (http://www.antropologiavisual.net/2007/agdal-voces-del-atlas/). The awara were some eternal trasterminantes-term refers to short trips from coast to summit. In summer, when the sun has burned the grass of the coastal and midlands, moving to the communal land summit demarcated around the outer edge near the Caldera, above 1,800 m altitude, where camps have begun to proliferate, and the inner walls of the large crater Taburiente.
Surely, like Atlas imazighen peoples, access to the commons for the summit was governed by a board comprising the entire island for about 3 or 4 months, in spring, these areas were closed to grazing to be the most sensitive period of growth and reproduction of plants. Not grazed the peaks until the seeds mature, especially those of grasses and other short-cycle plants. Clearly, the closure is not physical barriers but by moral and traditional rights. This does not mean that there are other areas of permanent pasture on the island-shores, midlands, Cumbre Nueva and Cumbre Vieja. Is a system used to allow the reproduction of plants the following year. The entry of animals during the closure was punished by customary law. From March
subtly begins flowering summits, wallflowers first, then violet, are the first to show their charms lilies, until the yellow monochrome landscape begins. Its maximum maturity occurs in June / July. Would the arrival of the summer solstice or lunasticio the moment that marks the opening of the communal grazing summit? We do not know magical-religious world reinforces the grazing system. They are the gods who rule in these sacred lands. The standard ritual of summer between Atlas mesioua animal sacrifice was to reconcile the telluric forces, demons, and thus to promote the fertility of the animals themselves, men, vegetation, rain, etc.. Everything goes together. It's all a show of wisdom.
The sense of community is deeply rooted in these ancient peoples. In summer, the highest peaks of La Palma became a hotbed for human and animal racking, time took advantage to strengthen social relationships. From XVI century, started a new era. While pastors are in breach of the standard historical ancestral individualism is imposed on the community, demystify grasslands and become subject to economic exploitation. Now they are the gods of the land owners are men. That individuality leads to disregard certain rules and raise the animals before the seeds mature, resulting in the loss of the new generation of plants and the disappearance of fragile species and the spread of the toughest - laburnum. Pastures are overexploited and lose quality. Definitely, the humans took over the territory's most sacred island in the decade 1980, banned grazing in the mountains to make way for impressive buildings of IAC (Canary Island Astrophysics Institute), with National Parks in charge of recovering some of the flora is in danger of extinction.
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