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ancient Did they canaries?

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Early studies by the sages of old have been the cosmos and the phenomena of nature. The prehistoric man looked to the cosmos to find there the answers to their existence. The scientific quest led them to focus on the movements of celestial bodies, emphasizing one over the other, the Sun
Astronomy is the oldest of the sciences in antiquity. Its origins are lost in religious practices of prehistoric remains of which are found in numerous archaeological sites. The term came from the Greek "astron, ou = star;" nomos, ou = law. It is the science that deals the study of the stars. Some ancient cultures possessed rudimentary astronomical knowledge, limited to the unaided eye, others, however, developed deep applied knowledge for practical purposes or mythical-religious.
The sky survey, particularly the sun and moon and the mountain, has been a major concern among awara (natural elements of the universe), although they had different religious insights of science. We do not know if they used some very rudimentary tools such as sticks, and aim to measure the main elements of nature. That if it was a general science, social and natural based on a concept of relativity space and time.
With the passage of time, mankind had to link climate change with the positions of the sun in the sky. With repeated periods of cold or heat, rain or drought, had to worry about being able to predict their moments of occurrence: he was born positional astronomy. So in order to identify areas of rising and setting sun, began to make individual or groups aligned shrines.
prehistoric astronomy studies have not enjoyed a reputation among archaeologists excessive despite being often present as a shallow and vague references in the manuals of archeology.
The awara studied the sky, the movement and cycles of the planets and stars. From there, they began to set on the ground the exact points that determine their basic knowledge about solar and lunar cycles. The method we have found in La Palma is required with three types of sanctuaries. How:
1 º. Building one or more piles of small stones religated directly with the appearance of the sun on the highest peaks of the Caldera and the island of Tenerife during the winter solstice, welcoming the New Year. In two cases (Las Lajitas and Izcagua headers, Garafía) were two separate astronomical markers to compute the solar cycle time and / or mole.
2 º. Carving a maze of canals and cups on tuff media that draw a clear direction to the sunrises and sunsets of the summer solstice.
3 º. Making stone engravings in those whose faces are in more than 99% of cases, to the four solstice points.
The awara arrived on the island of La Palma from North Africa, the ancient Libya, bringing many skills to adapt to the unique island. It's amazing the ideas they had about the cosmos and amazing complexity of the product of ancient astronomical studies neolithic heritage, Mediterranean, Asia Minor and especially Egypt. Atogmatoma, Horacio Conception box
Ramses III's victories allowed him to occupy the oasis of Siwa and plan the worship Ammon Ra (the Sun) which quickly spread across the Sahara. The cult was also the science of astronomy. Egyptian influence on the Libyans was very important, reaching the Canary Islands. One of the many examples available to us can be found in the texts of the pyramids of Egypt: "Oh Ra-Atum, this King comes to you, imperishable spirit, lord of the issues instead of the four pillars ..." (Text No 156).

Now we can start understand the importance of the four solstice points in the prehistory of the Canary Islands.

newspaper La Voz de La Palma, December 2008

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collective representations of mythical thought awara

Our experience from the PREP (Position Prehistoric Astronomy) has shown that scientific knowledge, barely 200 years existence, is too young to play the mythical knowledge, with more than 30,000 years old. We can not erase all of a sudden the ideology of the tens of thousands of villages that have existed on earth since man made his appearance.
On the other hand, ancient thought rarely goes to realities on the same level as modern science does. In this sense, it is necessary, once and for all, changing the traditional image we form of the "primitive" starting with the research method. We must begin to integrate
man with the natural environment that has shaped up to play the role of objects of thought. Passively perceived movements and changes in terrestrial and celestial nature. Then how the concepts and experiences through its general and particular logic. Wondering
nature of mythical thinking, F. Boas concluded in 1914 that humans demonstrating a predilection great for every living thing in nature, celestial bodies and other natural phenomena.
The first inhabitants of the Canary Islands from North Africa, arrived with the same idea of \u200b\u200bmythical thinking in a variety of ways. If we specify in which populated the island of La Palma, awara expect to find, of course, distinctions applicable to a distinct culture and territory.
From this point, the male (aware) and the world (an island benawara) become mirror images of each other. Soon learned to develop reasonable methods, from preset idea on the surrounding landscape. It is a timeless thought that seeks to capture the world as a whole synchronous and diachronic while getting to know the secrets of nature that we will never know. The prehistory of La Palma has revealed the existence of three different material forms of worship: piles of stones placed on the peaks that surround the Caldera, channels, and bowls carved into the tuff and symbols with geometric forms, human and schematic alphabet engraved on the rock. A multitude of separate but simultaneous images, each of which brings particular knowledge, but whose whole is invariant properties connected on a single truth that facilitate the understanding of the world. Therefore, thinking of concepts describing immersed in images or structured sets built right through a structured on rules selected and retained from among all possible to achieve equilibrium. That is, conceived and acted.
Thanks to high school in La Palma we found, at least in part, a coherent system in any way we could not even guess just from archeology. When you want to study the material remains only have to look about him, but to study a material element of religious nature we must learn to direct the light in the distance.
A procedure that ties it all together religious, mythical thinking, must be applied together, accompanied by rules action, to decrypt messages given significant in ancient codes that we must translate our own messaging system.
This system, which we had access, allows to capture the natural and social universe of the people who created it. "The set is therefore a kind of conceptual apparatus that filters through unity of multiplicity, the multiplicity through unity, diversity through identity and identity through diversity" (C. Levi-Strauss (2002): "The Savage Mind").
At this point, it should reflect the choice of sites and distribution of religious elements in the middle based on a natural cosmic scheme: basically the extreme positions northeast and southeast, northwest and southwest of the Sun and the Moon, ie the solstices over lunasticios cases and in the smaller cases.
Unlike our rational society, the awara never opposed to humans or the natural objects around them, as it were the whole reason for being. The last responses are in the vast cosmos. Then it is understood that careful observation and meticulous, turned completely toward the concrete, the symbolism is in its beginning and its completion at a time. The old mentality that owns and uses an ancient wisdom, do not worry, however, just to extend and deepen it. He is content to transmit it as received. Not appreciated as we are.
forms showing more than 10,000 rock carvings which still exist in La Palma are quite complex. This variety was not important, but they were not interested when allowed to guess what these have influence. The fantasy of the artist acts freely only within fairly narrow limits. This is printed from the prehistoric complex mind, its essence as a society engaged in intimacy with the cosmic gods. This is true of both traditional images of models cloned cosmos.
The same can be said of other expressions of collective representations most sacred, the piles of stones and canals and cups. However, they attribute different but integrated roles in the same system of meanings. They serve to organize the space and time.

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Large Garafía sacred spaces

awara From very early on they came to the island of La Palma in the northeast found a space adapted to its religious vision, establishing a palpable connection between the cosmos, represented by its biggest stars and planets, and the mountains. The name refers to roque Garafía or mountain and high altitude, in particular, the roof of the island Roque de Los Muchachos. Known
its main holy sites, we can distinguish three main zones or bands especially mythic 1 .- Low (blue). Located on the coastal cliffs, between 200 and 400 m, found many rocks on which their sacred symbols carved faces looking to present and coincided with the rising and setting of the sun during the solstices. Highlights Santo Domingo environment with numerous examples of petroglyphs and some channels and pans and those of Domingo Diaz and Fernando Porto.
2 .- Medium (white). It is deployed between 900 and 1,000 m, standing out the impressive rock art sites of La Zarza and The Zarcita, among others.
3 .- Top (green). Reached at levels that run from 2,000 to 2,400 m. msn Space is outstanding, the last step between the earthly and heavenly, a meeting place between humans and gods. Stand out above the rest, the ritual stone piles. Here are the most important sanctuaries of the island: The Lajitas and marker Izcagua headers.
Cathedral of awara: Las Lajitas. Religation place between the three elements involved in the sacred ritual that unites people with the gods: piles of stones, the mountains and the sun and / or the Moon.

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The awara, sun worshipers of Tajodeque

Religion in Ancient Benawara difficult to understand as we now conceive of the term. It is based on beliefs connected with each other and a fundamental concept of divinity. We should not speak only of beliefs but also of religion. There is no sacred literature, like modern religions that explains all the processes from creation. We have been emphasizing what
show a few years ago concerning the cosmic projection of the prehistoric sites that are scattered throughout the island, featuring a sun worship, small events recorded by first adventurers, conquerors and travelers who visited these lands for over 500 years.

Egypt, all North Africa and the Canary Islands, among many other areas of the world, Sun is land which is not surprising the cult that revered him as a source of life and existence. The Sun is a god of regular habits. The solar festivals usually have a nature which is on schedule, celebrating important dates such as the first day of spring, summer, autumn or winter. Are characterized by activities that to some extent mimic the behavior of the Sun solar symbols are displayed and lit fires.
To draw a hypothetical rough outline of a prehistoric conception of time where we can go back to Paleolithic hunter-gatherers in the sky recognized the phenomena of lunar cycles, solar and managed to connect at their own pace of life and the environment. The time slots for their economic activities (planting, harvesting, animal husbandry ...) and religious obligations in empathy with the markers of change and renewal in general were established. Were aware of all the rhythms of nature.
manifestations of human beings want to communicate with their gods take on an amazing variety and endless in every corner of the planet. Religions Mesopotamia, Anatolia peninsula, Asia Minor, the Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, much of Europe and America, among others, acquire Astral obvious connotations, born about emerging astronomical knowledge. In many recent cases, experts published in books, conference proceedings, conferences, lectures, as well as in magazines and newspapers and prestigious scientists in the world, discoveries of spectacular ceremonial centers, ruins of hypothetical astronomical observatories and in few these cases, we have shown the photographic evidence or video recordings of the crucial moments. However, on the island of La Palma, we show the entire film material of the phenomena archaeoastronomical collected and stored for several years in the times of the solstices and equinoxes. With this irrefutable evidence, we are confident that prehistoric research on the island of La Palma begin to reveal the meaning of some of those places that once served as observatories, taking references in preparing its ephemeris, and as true sanctuaries where probably staged a cosmic rituals. This demonstrates the profound religious substrate of a group of men and women who are overwhelmed with the Sun His desire was to worship Abora.

Hawaiian Phrase Translation To English

Libyan characters

is a prehistoric site of the first magnitude which is at 2,100 m altitude, on the basis of a roque lava and tuff, in the inner face of the Caldera. Entry Fees are 4 panels and are located on the cornice and the interior of a cave. The cave itself has a provision that faces east / southeast, just the place where the sun rises in the summer solstice sunrise, from behind the peaks of the breakwater Atravesado.

The exterior panel is made up of about 16 reasons syllable, accompanied by 6 other geometric symbols in circles, concentric circles, reticulares y espirales.

Nada más entrar en la cavidad, encontramos el siguiente panel formado por 9 caracteres. Los paneles 3 y 4 se ubican en la pared del fondo, conformados por 5 y 6 caracteres.

En total son 15 caracteres diferentes representados 35 veces de la siguiente manera:

Si alguna vez durmieran en la cueva para ver uno de los amaneceres en torno al 21 de junio podrán experimentar una sensación indescriptible cuando el Sol del verano aparece en frente de tí y el panel exterior comienza a iluminarse, poco a poco, de arriba a abajo. Si lo hacemos sobre el 21 de diciembre, el amanecer se produce por detrás de la isla de Tenerife, situada en medio del gap left by the cutthroat Wood between the impressive cliffs of the Caldera. At this time, in an astonishing way, light the two panels that are at the bottom of the cavity.

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Teneguía: a link between earth and sky

This work, along the 2007/2008 school year by a group of 9 students of 4 º ESO IES Las Breñas (island of La Palma), was part of a project Heritage Education belonging to the Ministry of Education of the Canary Islands. He was awarded the first prize Fernando Cabrera of Astronomy 2008.
The Teneguía, declared of Cultural Interest in 1985, is in a particular property of nearly 41,000 square meters. It is situated about 418 meters of altitude above sea level and at the foot of the volcano SW of San Antonio. This is a very ancient geological formation, which he estimated an age of approximately 600,000 years. It is a hill of phonolite haüynica and pale yellow-pink color. The height of the Roque de Teneguía is 30 to 35 m from E to O and 80 m from N to S. Its area is approximately 2,000 m2
Access to the enclave is a track that runs along the foot of the volcano of San Antonio and is deflected towards the volcano Teneguía. The Los Canarios Roque is approximately a distance of 5.5 kilometers, but the last 500 meters walking along on a layer of pumice. This rocky eminence is visible from the South and West and served as a reference point for fishermen and coastal shipping.
now 38 years ago, the Teneguía almost disappear. In March 1970, a group of young fuencalenteros-Juan José Santos Cabrera, his brother Octavio (deceased), Rosa Díaz Martín, Tona Perez Carballo, Juan Luis Curbelo Pérez and Rafael Díaz Pérez-visited the Archaeological Museum director Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Luis Diego Cuscoy, showing some pictures of the place and moving the alarming news of his imminent demise, having been drawn to that spot over windward-Fuencaliente channel, which was just passing the height of Roque. The works were at an advanced stage, to the point that they were approaching the base of Roque and, furthermore, it had been mined and blown up was to be held in the near future.
The news justified alarm Luis Diego Cuscoy, who immediately reported the situation to the commissioner general of Archaeological Excavations, Martín Almagro. Its management decided to fast for the immediate intervention of the Director General of Fine Arts, Florentino Perez Embid, who telegraphed the Mayor of Fuencaliente, Quintana Emilio Sanchez, to stop the works.
Work stopped and was saved Teneguía retaining the impressive array of existing prints, which, by then, Luis Diego Cuscoy two campaigns conducted between 1970 and 1971 respectively, obtaining casts and photographs, and a study of techniques and skating, in addition to various excavations.
Teneguía The interest is manifold:
1. Geological interest of Teneguía .- El Roque is a structure of phonolite haüynica, pale yellowish. It is a very ancient geological formation. Its color black points out of the surrounding landscape. El Roque, and other minor, next, are the only witnesses fonolítica geological nature that arise in the apex S of the island.
2. Botanical interest or phytogeographical .- El Roque de Teneguía is unique town "small head" or Centaurea Junoniana. There are two groups of Centaurs, the species group and the group Rubriflorae Flaviflorae. The first is limited to very ancient geological formations, basalts and phonolitic. To this group belongs Junoniana Centaurea few specimens live in clinging to the crevices of Roque, which is its last refuge on the island.
3. Historical interest .- The famous holy source of medicinal mineral springs, is a tradition that flowed near the Roque de Teneguía. Fuencaliente Indies refers to the wealth boom that took place by the large influx of patients from Latin came to cure their ailments in the salutary power, blinded by the eruptions of the seventeenth century.
4. Archaeological interest .- The eastern side presents an amazing amount of rock carvings, over 150 reasons. These occur singly or in groups, forming more than a hundred reasons, among which meanders and spirals. Were developed through a technique of chopping and / or deslascado.

Description of panels and motifs
cave is one of the sites most important prehistoric island, in which there has been no rigorous scientific study, requiring an interdisciplinary analysis as complete as possible.
Currently, the state that is the Roque is deplorable, broken and cracked, due not only to earthquakes accompanying the eruption, but also because for centuries was the quarry that's near The Burn and The Indian extracted stones to build their houses, being the only available material for the building then, as the rest of the floor was covered with lava, ash and sand. It is estimated that quarrying could begin early sixteenth century, when it shows us the birth of the first houses in the burned and the Indies.
Historically, Roque has been hard to stay in position. A lot of stones are scratched, latent memories of visitors in the form of names, the worst is that many were made on pre-Columbian etchings themselves.
On the other hand, was affected by the explosions that were made to pass the general water canal just below, crossing the main cause of the area where the panels 61,62 and 63 have a small sink, causing the illustrations are displaced 20 º to the SE.
Lighting conditions are critical to observe the reasons recorded in the rocks. Many go completely unnoticed when the day is cloudy or the sun rises to the zenith. In our visits to different times, we realized that the best time to see the rock carvings is at dawn and dusk light almost flush. We found in situ as the drawings of the stones appeared with the first rays of sun and disappeared shortly thereafter.
Not to be overlooked the fact that each visit you notice any new stones engraved.
are aware that there are more panels and the reasons recorded in its rocks, studied 78 Teneguía panels of various sizes, containing more than 150 rock art motifs.
1. Rock at the base which measures 90X34cm and whose motive is a meander of spirals, covering part of the rock (43x27cm). It is made by chopping technique with wide groove. Today the rock is cracked and the engraving is preserved bad effect of wear that causes erosion and the effects of mosses and lichens.
is oriented at 120 º.
2. Located at the base of one meter above it on a rock of 96x90cm. Contains 5 reasons meandering coiled and covering the entire face, with sizes ranging from 14 cm to 43 cm. Technique were made with coarsely chopped. They are also severely affected by erosion and with many cracks.
The first four reasons are oriented at 120 º and the last at 70 º.
3. At the base rock in the middle of the previous two, with a base measuring 96x86cm. The meandering grounds are two and placed in the top of the rock. The first development reaches a 24x24cm and the second type of dive is 22x18cm.El wide on a stone which has ridges and crevices in which they have grown plants such as thyme.
is oriented at 125 º.
4. At one meter above the number 2, we found a rock with 59x84cm meandering grounds, made with coarsely chopped technique, poorly preserved and affected by mosses and lichens. The rock appears to have shifted to the S-SO.
is oriented at 140 º.
5. A meter number 3, to the southeast, on a rock was carved 53x43cm grounds 16x22cm meandering in circles. Technique is made with minced wide and is now quite damaged by scratches that affect the subject.
is oriented at 120 º.
6. A rock (from 26x37cm) attached to the above, at the base of roque, contains a meandering closed circle that covers the entire face. Technique was implemented with chopped width and is shifted to the southeast under pressure from the upper stone.
is oriented at 160 º.
7. 65x40cm a rock just above the previous two contains two reasons: a-coiled
of 17x21cm located at the top b-meandering fluvial
of 24x21cm located on the bottom.
Both techniques were performed using coarsely chopped. Recently have been scratched and have a condition acceptable.
is oriented at 130 º.
8. Within walking distance is a rock, also on the basis of roque, measuring 92x81cm with three reasons: a-meandering fluvial
of 33x13cm. B-meandering fluvial
of 30x22cm
c-concentric semicircles of 12x20cm.
All are made using a technique of chopping width.
are oriented at 130 º.
9. Roca has a large erosion in which we can see two reasons whose lines are lost in large part, making it difficult to classify in terms of its forms. a. Reason report that measures 25x30cm
b-Reason report, located in the center of the rock. Appreciate just a few strokes. Recent stripes appear.
is oriented at 130 º.
10. Paste the above is a large rock that contains a panel 98x57cm consisting of 4 motifs and coiled meandering occupying the southern half of the face, reaching a 50x58cm development. Were made with wide chopping technique.
are oriented at 140 º.
11. Very close to the former is a stone 45x23cm contained in the lower face of 15x15cm coiled grounds. He was executed by a technique of chopping width and has a pretty bad condition.
is oriented at 90 degrees.
12. In the very base of a rock roque 77x48cm appreciate an engraving made of coiled and circuliforme 36x30cm, made with coarsely chopped technique. In a good state of preservation.
is oriented at 140 º.
13. A half meter above the south, we find two stones with engraved signs that are noticed in some lines can not determine what types of forms present. They are very worn and scratched.
are oriented at 130 º.
14. 53x37cm in size stone engraved with a concentric semicircles type measuring 30x19cm. It is located in the upper northeast and was conducted with a coarse chop technique. Presents a fractured surface and their conservation status is bad.
is oriented at 140 º.
15. A rock near the former contains a meandering of 35x20 cm. Presents an execution technique finely chopped. It is very impaired by the passage of time.
is oriented at 135 º
16. Surface presents a large slab containing 5 reasons:
a) Horseshoe 20x19 cm in the upper corner.
b) Two meandering or coiled in each approximately 40x30 cm. They are very worn and poorly appreciated.
c) Two etchings in which, because of wear suffered, not guess their shape and size.
are oriented at 140 º
17. Below is another rock 1x0, 80 m. Contains 3 reasons meandering badly eroded and coiled, occupying almost the entire surface. They are made with coarsely chopped technique.
are oriented at 130 º
18. Below find another stone 50x48 cm, displaced from its original position, showing a fracture containing a meandering motif made with coarsely chopped technique that occupies the entire surface. Currently looking at the sky.
19. To the north, but still part of the same set as above, we observe another larger rock, also moved from its original position, coiled motifs containing 3 technique made with chopped fine and coarse, very damaged. They look almost vertical.
20. Within walking distance we see a 82x74cm large rock that contains at least two reasons meandering and coiled. The prints are located in the northeastern part of the rock surface. Were made with minced technician. Estáagrietada rock at the bottom.
is oriented at 130 º.
21. Above, southeast of the previous mid-roque, we found a rocky surface with a pattern 34x45cm 25x21cm coiled in located in the center of the room: It was done by a technique of finely chopped. The surface is cracked and in poor condition.
is oriented at 125 º.
22. Very close to the anterior, mid-roque, we found a stone with a variety of reasons meandering 75x32cm occupying the whole face. Were made with a technique of finely chopped. They are badly damaged by being scratched recently, so have a poor conservation.
is oriented at 140 º.
23. We reached a large slab 4x1, 60m that reaches the top of Roque, displaying numerous cracks and crevices. Was used to record a number of reasons can be divided into three panels:
to-bottom. Contains 5 coiled.
b-party central. We found 3 coiled and meandering. Top
c-coiled with 6 and 4 meandering.
They have different degrees of conservation.
is oriented at 130 º.
24. To the southeast 75x31cm find a rock that contains a meandering way is closed circular, very worn, covering the whole of a face with measures 22x28cm. Combine thick and thin lines, is quite damaged and presents recent streaks.
is oriented at 140 º.
25. Another slab of 1x0, 50 m contains two or three meandering or coiled motifs that are barely noticeable by the erosion suffered. Occupy the entire surface.
are oriented at 140 º
26. Right next to the former found a rock with 50x45cm grounds covering almost the entire face of the surface. This is a meandering of 47x35cm made with wide chopping technique, also badly damaged, with lichens and historical lines that affect the subject.
Is oriented at 140 º.
27. A one meter above found a large rock of 1.20 x1, 50m located in the middle of roque containing a single reason meandering technique performed by a chopped medium (thin-thick), measuring 30x12cm. Is affected by lichen and partly the reason is barely noticeable.
Much of the face where the ground is oriented at 140 º and the other looks at the vertical piece.
28. Beside the above are a rock containing an engraving 69x62cm coiled, occupying almost the entire face of the support that measures 24x22cm and accomplished by chopping technique wide. The rock is a little cracked.
is oriented at 140 º.
29. Six feet southeast 38x40cm appreciate other rock that contains a coiled motif of 29x25cm, made with coarsely chopped technique.
is oriented at 140 º.
30. Above it found a rock with 93x65cm curious why it is adapted to the curved shapes of the rock. This is a coiled of 27x28cm made with coarsely chopped technique.
is oriented at 130 º.
31. Small rock on which was engraved a meandering motif of 21x20 cm. It was carved by a technique of finely chopped.
is oriented at 250 º
32. In the middle of roque 78x62cm discovered a panel containing a meandering ground 24x16cm closed circle. The print is at the top of the rock and adapts to forms of support. He was executed by coarse chop technique and is in good condition.
is oriented at 240 º.
33. Just above it there is a broken stone plate of 96x70cm, which contains a meandering motif of 30x17cm, located in the center. Technique was made with coarsely chopped and is attacked by lichens that have invaded the engraving, it also showed recent streaks.
is oriented at 120 º.
34. Within walking distance are an area of \u200b\u200b95x76cm with three reasons that occupy the entire rock: a-coiled
of 12x10cm. B-meandering fluvial
of 24x16cm.
c-Combination 47x12cm spiral and meander. They are made with
chopping technique has wide and rock fracture that can affect the engravings.
is oriented at 140 º.
35. A slab of 1.60 x, 80 m contains practically all the recorded surface and coiled meandering motif. We do not know how many may have been due to surface deterioration presents. Are made with a coarse chop technique. After a fracture, the rock continues with another installment also recorded. It seems that the media has moved and the reasons they look to the sky.
36. 160x120cm rock that contains, in the upper north, a meandering circle closed in very poor condition 30x40cm, made with a coarse chop technique.
is oriented at 120 º.
37. Top Panel number 27 60x45cm appreciate a rock that contains a motif that occupies the central part of the bracket. This is a meandering of 26x25cm made with coarsely chopped technique. Appears displaced from its original position, is practically vertical and scratches.
38. In the bottom of roque find a slab that contains, at the top, a meandering of 27x14cm, quite damaged by the weather. He was executed by a technique of chopping width.
is oriented at 140 º.
39. A couple of feet away, in the same slab, we find a coiled to 15x13cm. It was also made with using a coarse chop technique.
is oriented at 240 º.
40. 70x65cm rock containing a very deteriorated reason that you are just a few strokes in the form of coils. Recent stripes appear.
is oriented at 140 º.
41. In the middle of roque 110x55cm find a support containing a meandering ground which occupies almost the entire face of the rock. Technique is made with coarsely chopped. Is affected by lichen and cracks.
is oriented at 90 degrees.
42. A two meters to the north, a rock with 92x90cm contains three reasons both orientations across the three faces of the rock. A-meandering fluvial
of 53x39cm, badly damaged, made with a coarse chop technique. Is oriented at 130 º.
b-This is a continuation of separated by a crack before measuring 50x25cm and parts away from the effects of erosion. It is made by a technique of coarse chopped. Is oriented at 130 º. Reason
c-coiled and meandering compound of 48x30cm, also badly damaged, made with minced technique. Is oriented at 250 º.
43. A one meter above 70x72cm find another rock containing three reasons:
a-spiral, 25x20cm, made by finely chopped technique. B-meandering fluvial
of 25x37cm, also implemented with minced technique.
c-coiled, to 26x12cm, made with a chopping technique slightly wider than the previous.
are oriented at 140 º.
44. At the top of a rock roque 84x34cm found containing a meandering, of 19x9cm quite deteriorated made with coarsely chopped technique.
is oriented at 250 º.
45. 130x80cm rock that contains a print of 18x19cm meandering located in the upper north of the area, made with coarsely chopped technique. Keeps well.
is oriented at 140 º.
46. Loose rock, displaced from its original position, 50x37cm, which contains a meandering, to 18x17cm, located in the center. The plea was made with a technique of chopping width. No guidance to the solstices.
47. 70x56cm rock containing a recorded report on one side. Measures 25x27cmy was performed using a technique of finely chopped. The rock is cracked and is invaded by lichens.
is oriented at 150 °
48. At the top of a coiled roque of 30x30cm are made with chopped technique very wide and deep currently affected by lichen.
is oriented at 65 º.
49. Also at the top of Roque, 32x30cm find another medium that contains a meandering ground, covering the entire surface. It was made with coarsely chopped technique. Today it is quite damaged.
is oriented at 120 º.
50. Nearby 45x40cm appreciate a rock with a pattern that covers the entire surface. This is a technique performed with meandering of coarsely chopped.
is oriented at 245 º.
51. Another rock, 74x53cm, contains a motif that combines spiral and meander, to 37x34cm, made with coarsely chopped technique. Today is invaded by lichens and recent stripes appear to affect the petroglyphs.
is oriented at 250 º.
52. 87x70cm rock located in the middle of roque containing three coiled grounds of 20x17, 15x21cm and 48x42cm. Were carried out using a technique of chopping width.
be removed from its original place.
is oriented at 150 º.
53. Right next to the previous part of the rock, though separate, are a cause meandering of 20x14cm, which occupies the center the surface. Was made with coarsely chopped technique.
It is the same as above, is displaced.
is oriented at 150 º.
54. This is a rock loose, 27x43cm, located mid-roque, which contains concentric semicircles executed by a technique of finely chopped, covering the entire surface of the face.
Without guidance to the solstices.
55. Attached to the south before we see another stone loose, 39x33cm, which contains a motif very poor condition, without knowing the type of geometry it represents. It covers the entire face and was carried out using a technique of finely chopped.
Without guidance to the solstices.
56. Halfway find roque a stone, 56x43cm, containing a coiled motif of 14x13cm made with coarsely chopped technique.
is oriented at 120 º.
57. Loose rock of 81x40cm, which was recorded two reasons: a-meandering fluvial
which closed circle, 21x10cm, cut by chopping technique wide. b-meandering fluvial, to 19x17cm, made with minced technique, the surface of scratches recent.
Without guidance to the solstices.
58. Stone, 87x67cm, which contains a meandering, to 26x20cm, made with coarsely chopped technique. Is affected by cracks and invaded by lichens.
is oriented at 130 º.
59. In the bottom of Roque found a stone of 27x26cm, which contains a meandering, occupying almost the entire surface: The reason was implemented through a technique of finely chopped.
is oriented at 125 º.
60. Near the former found a long slab of 5.10 x0.40m, which contains seven reasons: a-coiled
of 20x16cm, executed with technical coarsely chopped.
b-coiled meandering combination of 21x15cm, with finely chopped technique. Meandering fluvial
c-circular, 24x23cm, made with minced technique. D-coiled
of 14x12cm, made with minced technique.
e-meandering fluvial system as a spiral, 17x13cm, made with minced technique. F-meandering fluvial
of 17x21 cm, using a technique implemented coarse chop. G-Circuliforme
of 12x10cm, fine chopping.
In general the condition is relatively poor and has recently stripes.
is very peculiar, because the rock is projected toward the equinox, and that's what why he was fully recorded in the whole surface.
In La Palma has found only one case of guidance to the equinoxes in the Fajana (El Paso).
are oriented at 100 º.
61. To the S-SE notice the presence of 1.78 a slab tilted x1, 34m, about 5m from the part of the Roque flown to pass the water channel in the central part were recorded several reasons: a-meandering fluvial
circular way of 22x23cm, made with a technique of deep and coarsely chopped. Meandering fluvial
b-circular way of 27x23cm, also wide and deep dive.
c-Spiral, to 16x18cm, made with chopped coarse and deep.
d-Reason that we can not decipher as the poor state of repair.
is oriented at 150 º.
62. Attached to the slab above and the bottom of Roque, 138x94cm, which contains three more or less centered reasons: a-coiled
of 12x12cm, made with minced technique wide.
b-coiled, to 13x14cm, with a chopped very wide. C-meandering fluvial
of 30x20cm, also with a chopped very wide.
is oriented at 150 º.
63. Rock is about 120x65cm containing two pictures: a-meandering fluvial
of 37x33cm, executed with a very thick chop technique. B-meandering fluvial
of 39x14cm, also made with a coarse chop technique.
surface is affected by recent cracks and scratches.
is oriented at 150 º.
64. Heading west appreciate a small rock that contains a spiral, 6x8cm, made with coarsely chopped technique and wide.
is oriented at 140 º.
65. Loose rock of 79x49cm, which contains a coiled, to 30x21cm, made by finely chopped technique, occupying the central part of the surface. Is scratched.
It provides guidance to the solstices.
66. Very close to a crack found a voluminous rock contains, at its semi-vertical (oblique), a spiral, 12x11cm, made with minced technique.
Without guidance to the solstices.
67. Another stone 56x36 cm, mid-Roque, has a meandering technique made with coarsely chopped, quite damaged by erosive agents.
is oriented at 250 º
68. At the top of the Roque find a rock, medium size, fractured with a coiled poorly preserved, chopping width.
is oriented at 130 º.
69. We are moving toward the west ten feet from the end of Roque, to find a slab that contains a coiled motif of 25x25 cm, poorly preserved. It was carved by coarse chop technique. The area is filled with modern lines that have affected the panel.
is oriented at 170 º
70. At about 5 feet away, above, we came across a panel containing two reasons: a-coiled
20x20 cm, on a rock split in two, moved from its original position. The print was made on a surface with bumps and relatively well preserved. For its implementation we used a chopping technique wide and deep. Is oriented at 50 º. B-Spiral
small 6x6 cm, attached to the previous technique made with coarsely chopped. Is oriented at 50 º.
71. Another rock beside the former contains a horseshoe-shaped motif of 28x20 cm, made with chopped technique wide and deep.
is oriented at 300 º.
72. Above the panel 62, found a rock with a face where we see a coiled, of 20x18 cm, made with coarsely chopped technical and superficial. Her condition is pretty bad.
is oriented at 260 º
73. Ten feet to the O / NO, we see a well-worn ground that looks like a coiled, 20x20 cm. It was made with minced technique.
is oriented at 300 º
74. We return to the top of the Roque to find a rock that contains a face detached engraved with two coiled together and meandering grounds of 37x20 cm, made with minced technique. Currently looking at the sky.
75. After passing through a crack in the Roque found a horseshoe engraved meandering of 34x28 cm, very well preserved, with no patina, which was recently cut by the same technique Aboriginal chopped. Not pre-Hispanic.
is oriented at 180 º.
76. A little more than a meter above, we find a coiled, 13x13 cm, very poorly preserved. We could see that was done with a technique of finely chopped.
is oriented at 250 º.
77. A one meter cliff in an area of \u200b\u200blarge landslides and displacement of rocks, we found a rock, over a meter in diameter, bulky for a reason horseshoe shape of 18x16 cm, made with coarsely chopped technique on a lump that has the face of the stone. Look to the sky.
78. Three feet to the west, at the apex of a crack Roque, found a rock with one step, in which recess is recorded some broad strokes and deep, forming bands meandering way, of 20x18 cm.
is oriented at 210 º.

Forms of the reasons we can differentiate The reasons for their shapes, into 7 categories:
a) 67 meandering.
b) 59 coiled
c) 5 compounds (spiral-meander)
d) 3 semicircles concentric
e) 3 horseshoes
f) 1 circuliforme
g) 7 reports (not appreciate the way for the erosion of the rock)

technical types differentiate 3 types of techniques of surface pitting Stone:
1) Coarse (width) of the groove. 117 reasons
2) Picado medium. 4 reasons
3) finely chopped. 24 reasons


Guidelines For guidance, we can confirm the existence of marks on the four pillars solstice and equinoxes. The results of panels are as follows:
1) 41 intentionally directed to the place where the sun rises (the highlighted areas) during the winter solstice.
2) 4 that project to the place where the sun rises (particularly on the Volcano of San Antonio) during the summer solstice.
3) 10 overlooking the spot where the sun sets (on the sea) at the time of the winter solstice.
4) 2 panels that go in the direction of the sunset (the sea) during the summer solstice.
find 19 panels that have no orientation to the solstices. To do this we have a clear explanation. Some (5 panels) are on rocks that have broken loose from its original location, coinciding at your disposal with one of three large cracks that provides the bulk of Teneguía stone. The rest (17 panels) are concentrated in a particular place of Roque, right at the bottom northernmost, near the end of Roque, on the hole that was made to pass through the general channel Roque. We believe that the tremors preceding volcanic eruptions or, more security, the explosions caused for such a pipeline, eventually cracking and sinking, as the guidelines of the affected panels show the same gradual deviation (150 ° LN).

We have demonstrated with our work, the petroglyphs project a cosmic manifested in the days of the solstices and equinoxes. This also happens in many fields awara scattered over the island.
Enormously grateful, pleased and proud of the good work done by Sandra Afonso, Arancha Afonso, Francisco Felipe, Inma Morera, Tatiana Sánchez, Lara Sánchez, Fiamma Machin, Irais Natalia Gonzalez and Cabrera.

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Teneguía: a link between land and

More than 150 rock carvings are carved on the stones of this yellowish Roque which is located in the southernmost part of the island of La Palma.

The video is a visual part of a heritage project by 9 students of 4 º ESO "IES Las Breñas" (island of La Palma) being awarded the 2008 Astronomy Fernando Cabrera. CONGRATULATIONS

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heaven outline of the main seasonal activities

awara society, constrained to a small space like an island, set about coping mechanisms come to terms weather and altitude. Dry period
1. Occurs between May and October.
2 Collection of fruits. 3 Grazing
summit.
4 Pairing pets. Especially goats and sheep. 5 Rituals summer


A wet period. Between November and April. Grazing
B of coastline.
C Raising sheep and goats. Food with fresh grass.
D New Year rituals.

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Climate change in the prehistory of La Palma

Man, as always, has lived at the mercy of climate variability, adapting to different cycles, cold, heat, moisture or drought. The climate is, therefore, a catalyst of human history. Record
archaeologist and anthropologist Brian Fagan which about 3,800 BC, the climate became drier suddenly, a trend that affected the region of southwest Asia and the eastern Mediterranean for over 1,000 years. The climate became more unstable and villages suffered from drought cycles. Consequently, the Sahara known a long period of warming and extreme aridity forcing residents to rely on livestock and move in search of food and water. The animals became their true wealth.
Around 800 BC, the European climate turned abruptly colder and wetter. It was a sudden cooling that led to major changes in vegetation, in which the site were down forests to pastures. For the year 500 AD, the conditions were even colder. The boundary between continental and Mediterranean areas was again on North Africa. And he even ice forms on the Nile during the winter of 829 AD The reason might be a gigantic volcanic eruption in 535 AD, producing the most dense and persistent dry fog that has been recorded in history. Affected virtually the entire planet.
In the year 900 AD and during the next four centuries (called MWP), the Mediterranean ecotone shifted again to the north and temperatures rose so that the vineyards came to thrive in the southern and central England.
Heavy rains of 1315 marked the beginning of what climatologists call the Little Ice Age a period of six centuries of constant climate change. The current warming trend began around 1860.
Summarizing the data discussed so far and although we do not know the true extent of climate variability in the Canary Islands, we can differentiate in a very general, as long as a guideline, five climatic phases during the time that man settled in these Atlantic cliffs. The first three were exclusively in prehistoric times, the fourth covers the transition from prehistory to English history:
1 .- From the moment the first settlement of the Canary Islands (III or II century BC) and 500 AD, Canarian climate was colder than today.
2 .- Among and sixth centuries X, environmental conditions were even colder.
3 .- Between X and XIV century, temperatures rose above even the current ones.
4 .- This stage corresponds to the transition between prehistory and history. Begins in 1315 with a further fall in temperature that lasts until mid-nineteenth century. At this stage the Ebro became frozen seven times, even snowed in Santa Cruz de La Palma on December 27, 1627.
Most of these changes are known as the displacement of the Azores anticyclone over northern latitudes, generating a different atmospheric dynamics. The trade winds lose ownership and other bodies air from different backgrounds would be more frequent. Obviously, this would produce changes in the weather and even in the provision of vegetation. Given the particular geographical situation of the archipelago, any sudden change and a decrease in rainfall in the islands could generate a process of desertification. Otherwise, an increase in humidity caused sudden changes in storms like that occurred before the English conquest in the Barranco de Aguacensio, described by the Franciscan Abreu Galindo and his tragic repetition in 1957.
The first occupation of the island of La Palma, like the other islands, either as event, it ordered an invasion occurred. The new settlers arrived by sea and viable breeding groups. Occupation was improvised, either consensual or forced, with little time to adapt to new environmental conditions. Their number was small and soon dispersed and adapted to the microclimate so important on islands such as La Palma. These first awara were hard people, stoic, able to overcome a strange place, adapting to the warm temperatures and icy coast of the summits.
One of the keys of the change could be found in the 13 piles of stones that are below 2,000 meters, two in Pico Corralejo (Santa Cruz de La Palma), four headers Izcagua I (Garafía) Novanillo four, two in Llano Las Animas (Puntagorda) and one in Headers Garome (Tijarafe).

Izcagua pile of stones
A majority (over 50) are above the pine forest domain, open to the cosmos, to monitor the appearance of the sun which marks the beginning of the New Year (December 21 .) Now the question is why a few piles of stones are now integrated in the pine forest?
A good answer or possibility would be related to a decrease in temperature and humidity between the ages VI and X which led to the decline of forests to lower levels, facilitating development of the bush. Another point of interest is the archaeological, the finding of a ceramic phase remains IIIc and IIId in two piles, well dated on or about the dates mentioned above.

brand image potential confines old pine forest. The blue line is the limit of 1,900 m. The white dots represent places where the piles of stones.

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Channels and cups in Montaña de La Negra (Puntagorda)

We are located in the northwestern part of the island of La Palma on an elevation of 500 m above sea level, which presents the field between Matos Mountain and Las Hoyas. It is a space dominated by plant species such as wormwoods scrub, vinegar, tederas, broom, fennel ... and some pines.
The top of the mountain is shaped like a ridge, almost linear, with a northwesterly direction, that is, in the same exact path where the sun sets at the time of the summer solstice. Although it contains no good channels and media carving bowls contained few are well used. In particular, although it can accommodate someone else, there are three small protrusions of rough volcanic rock that were carved some small channels also development and small bowls.
* La Negra I . It sits on the left bank and consists of a channel 45 cm long rotating right and left, about 6 cm wide and 2 cm deep, very irregular. The channel has a branch about 15 cm of development. The main channel ends in a bowl of 7 x 6 cm in diameter and 8 cm deep. * La Negra II . About 30 m above the center of the back, we found a crude of 1.20 mx 1 m. The small ritualized space is framed by a channel that draws a semicircle of 70 cm of travel, 2 cm wide and 2 cm deep and is very irregular. Contains a bowl, located in the northwest corner, any channels associated with two of only 6 cm and 5 cm of development. Measures 8 x 6 x 5 cm. * The Black III. At about 50 m back down in the center, we find another rough that extends towards the direction coincident with the start of the first sun of summer. The first thing to note is the presence of a cleavage almost completely silted soil and rooted plants that have prevented us know exactly from where. It has a double branching: a) 80 cm long, 10 cm wide and 8 cm deep, very irregular. Take a trip south to the jump of the rock, b) is 95 cm long, 4 cm wide and 5 or 6 cm deep. Take a westerly direction.
This gutter through a small bowl, filled with earth, 9 x 10 x 3 cm and ends in another rectangular shape crowns the rough. It measures 11 x 13 x 7 cm.

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Heaven depicted in rock engravings

According to Federico Gonzalez, who has studied the cosmic relations of pre-Columbian American cultures, for traditional and primitive symbol is (and all expression or manifestation, either macro or microcosmic, is symbolic) a real signal that occurs within a set of equally vivid characters that intertwine and relate to each other through the plurality of meanings, forming a code language or revealing proprietary encryption and also cohere with the community in which they arise . This is because both the symbol and myth and ritual are the bridge between sensible reality, visible and knowable to the naked eye and the mystery of his true and hidden nature is its origin.
archaic and traditional peoples have used primarily the symbol as a means of communication, establishing a perpetual relationship between the sign itself and the thing symbolized. All knowledge is expressed symbolically as sacred symbols manifest, so real and true, the energies they represent and which are mediators. The symbol is magic under the analogy that ties indestructible (and identifies) with that which is symbolized. These symbols are extremely important and sacred magic figures geometric, archaic that every society has known and with whom he has symbolized the cosmos. Canary ancient cultures to the universal rite is exemplified in the sky by the Sun, Moon and other planets and stars, as well as cycles of appearance and disappearance, death and resurrection, the earth and human beings depend, as they have seen in them the highest manifestation of the models or universal and eternal archetypes on which they base their worldview.
symbolic representations of the cosmic form are still present in various rituals, ceremonies and concepts, and are in perfect correspondence with other worldviews, living and dead, who synthesized with these symbols his philosophy and worldview. The different shapes dotting the island geography of the island of La Palma are symbols of advancement and a means of communication with heaven. Represent a continuum, without beginning or end. In traditional societies
little obsession is so obvious to symbolize and bring together all the fundamental ideas of religion, of dividing all things as the solstice points and / or the bottom up. A rock carving is a sacred as is the cosmos.